3～10岁儿童饮食行为问题临床干预研究  

Intervention of dietary behavioral problems in children with an age from 3 to 10

作　　者：张丽[1] 徐文英[1] 朱廷[1] 孔玲莉[1] 王玉美[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮安市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,江苏淮安223002

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2015年第6期557-560,共4页Journal of Navy Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析儿保门诊中3-10岁儿童饮食行为问题,探讨口腔咀嚼功能训练在改善儿童饮食行为中的作用,以及影响干预效果的相关因素。方法 以因饮食行为问题于淮安市妇幼保健院儿保门诊就诊的3-10岁儿童为研究对象,按初诊年龄及口腔功能训练执行度进行分组,采用问卷调查、门诊咨询（个体化饮食行为指导）、发放饮食指导读物、口腔咀嚼功能训练、定期电话随访督促等综合管理模式,并评估、分析3个月后的干预效果。结果 共纳入2012年5月至2014年12月期间符合入选条件者120例,最终完成研究儿童为104例。学龄期组在不感兴趣、拒绝某些事物、不尝新、偏软食4类饮食行为问题方面,与学龄前期组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。大部分儿童饮食行为问题的改善比例,随抚养人受教育程度的增高、医嘱执行依从性的提高而增加。不同口腔咀嚼功能训练频率组之间的儿童饮食问题改善比例存在组间差异（P〈0.05）,且体质量变化、身高变化比较差异均有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论 父母亲受教育程度越高,口腔咀嚼功能训练频率（依从性）越高,儿童饮食行为问题改善越好。对3岁以上有饮食行为问题的儿童进行综合分析、干预同时,建议关注其口腔咀嚼功能情况,必要时予以训练以更好改善其饮食问题。同时加强对抚养人的宣教。Objective To analyze dietary behavioral problems in children with an age from 3 to 10,who sought medical care in child healthcare outpatient,and also to discuss the role of masticatory function training in the improvement of children＇ s dietary behavioral problems,as well as related factors affecting intervention effects. Methods Those children aged from 3 to10 with dietary behavioral problems were selected as our research objects,and were divided into groups in accordance with the age of their first visit and masticatory function training. Comprehensive methods such as questionnaire survey,clinical consultation（ personalized dietary behavioral instruction）,distribution of dietary instructions,masticatory function training,periodic medical follow-ups by phone-calls,were used in the study. The results were analyzed and evaluated 3 months after intervention. Results From May 2015 to December 2014,a total of 120 eligible patients were recruited for the study,but only 104 children finally completed the study process. For the children of the school-age group,there were such dietary behavioral problems as having no interest,refusal of certain things,having no taste of a delicacy and showing favor for soft food,and statistical significance could be seen,as compared with those of the preschool group（ P〈0. 05）. The ratio of improvement for dietary behavioral problems in most children increased with the increase of educational level of caretakers,as well as better compliance of medical advices. There were statistical differences in the ratio of improvement for dietary behavioral problems in different masticatory function training groups,when comparisons were made between the groups（ P〈0. 05）,and statistical significance could be noted in changes of body weight and height,when comparisons were also made between the groups（ P =0. 000）. Conclusion The higher the educational level of their parents and the compatible the masticatory function training was,their dietary behavioral problems would be better im

关 键 词：饮食行为问题 干预 口腔咀嚼功能训练 

分 类 号：R723.19[医药卫生—儿科]