入侵植物肿柄菊叶片凋落物化感潜力的研究  

Allelopathic potential of leaf litter of exotic invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia

作　　者：李军[1,2] 王瑞龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]广东工程职业技术学院,广州510520 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广州510520 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第6期100-104,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000260)

摘　　要：外来入侵植物肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)对入侵地的生态环境造成严重危害,为明确肿柄菊叶片凋落物的化感作用,研究不同浓度肿柄菊叶片凋落物水提液对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca elata)和高丹草(Sorghum sudanense)幼苗生长的影响,同时结合盆栽试验研究了肿柄菊叶片凋落物在入侵地土壤中的化感作用。结果表明,肿柄菊凋落物水提液对3种受体植物的生长具有显著地化感作用,低浓度水提液对3种受体植物的幼苗生长有显著促进作用,而随着水提液浓度的增加则表现为抑制作用。当水提液浓度为0.1 g·m L^(–1)时,肿柄菊对高丹草幼苗根长和黑麦草幼苗茎高的抑制作用最强,化感效应指数分别为–52.2%和–33.9%。同时,肿柄菊凋落物与土壤混合比例为30 g·kg^(–1)和50 g·kg^(–1)时可显著减低3种受体植物的生物量,进一步证实肿柄菊叶片凋落物在土壤中的化感抑制作用。研究表明,肿柄菊可通过其叶片凋落物在入侵地土壤中分解,释放化感物质,从而抑制邻近植物的生长,为其进一步入侵创造有利的生长环境。Exotic invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia has caused great damage in the invaded regions. The objective of the study was to elucidate allelopathic potential of T. diversifolia leaf litter on three common weeds. The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia leaf litter on the seedling growth of Lolium perenne, Festuca elata and Sorghum sudanense were determined. The aqueous extracts of leaf litter of T. diversifolia significantly inhibited the seedling growth of the three target weeds, and the inhibitory effects increased with the concentrations of the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia at 0.1 g·mL-1 inhibited the root growth of S. sudanense by 52.2% and the shoot growth of L. perenne by 33.9%, respectively. Addition of 30 g·kg-1 and 50 g.kg-l of the T. diversifolia leaf litter into the soils in pots significantly decreased the biomass of the three target plants. These results indicate that T. diversifolia has the potential to inhibit the seedling growth of the target plants by leaf litter decomposition and releasing allelochemicals into soils which might create a favorable environment for further invasion.

关 键 词：肿柄菊 生物入侵 化感作用 凋落物 生物测定 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]