基于3S技术的文昌市铺前镇生态环境敏感性分析与评价  

3S-based eco-environmental sensitivity analysis and evaluation of Puqian Town in Wenchang City

作　　者：邱彭华[1] 杜娜[1] 曹瑞[1] 徐颂军[2] 谢跟踪[1] 符英[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学地理与旅游学院,海口571158 [2]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广州510631

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第6期138-147,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41361090;41271060);海南省自然科学基金资助项目(412103);海南师范大学教授(博士)科研启动基金资助项目(00301200701);海南师范大学地理与旅游学院博士点建设基金资助项目

摘　　要：以海南文昌市铺前镇为小尺度研究对象,在生态环境问题实地调查基础上,运用3S技术与敏感性指数模型,从单一类型和多类型综合两方面进行了区域生态环境敏感性研究。结果表明:(1)研究区当前存在土壤侵蚀、土地沙化、土地盐渍化、气象灾害、特殊生境5大生态环境敏感性类型;(2)在单一类型生态环境敏感性中,土壤侵蚀敏感性较突出,其极度、高度和中度敏感区分别占研究区总面积的2.21%、56.54%和41.25%,其中,极度敏感区主要分布于研究区东南部;土地沙化敏感性共分不敏感、轻度和中度敏感3个级别,其中,中度敏感区占研究区总面积的25.68%,集中分布于镇域东部滨海地带;土地盐渍化敏感性共有4个敏感级,其中,中度和高度敏感区主要分布于镇域西部与北部滨海地带;气象灾害敏感性共分5个敏感级,其中,中度以上敏感区均分布于镇域西南部珠溪河入海口北岸;生境敏感性仅有不敏感和中度敏感2个级别,其中,中度敏感区主要分布于镇域西部红树林区;(3)多类型生态环境综合敏感性指数共分不敏感、轻度敏感与中度敏感3个级别,其中,中度敏感区主要分布于西部沿海地带;(4)中度及以上敏感性分布区意味着其生态环境存在较大的脆弱性和不稳定性,在区域经济建设和生态环境保护中应受到必要关注和重视。文章为铺前镇合理布局城镇、防治生态环境指供了有益指导。Taking the Puqian Town of Wenchang City, Hainan Province as a small-scale study area, and based on the investigation of eco-environmental problems, the eco-environmental sensitivities were evaluated with 3S technology and models of sensitivity index from a single type and integrations of multiple types. The results are as follows. （1） There were 5 types of eco-environmental sensitivity in the study area, including soil erosion sensitivity （SES）, land desertification sensitivity （LDS）, land salinization sensitivity （LSS）, meteorological disaster sensitivity （MDS）, and special habitat sensitivity （SHS）. （2） Among the 5 types of eco-environmental sensitivity, the SES was very conspicuous, the area ratio of extreme sensitivity zone, high sensitivity zone and moderate sensitivity zone was 2.21%, 56.54% and 41.25% respectively, and the extreme sensitivity zone mainly distributed in the southwest of study area. The LDS was divided into insensitive, slight sensitivity and moderate sensitivity. The moderate sensitivity type, about 25.68% of the total area of the study area, mainly distributed in the eastern coastal zone of the town. The LSS was divided into 4 classes, and the moderate sensitivity zone and high sensitivity zone mainly distributed in the west and north of study area. The MDS had 5 classes, and the spatial distributions of moderate sensitivity, high sensitivity and extreme sensitivity were centered in the north vicinity of Zhuxi River estuary. The SHS only fell into insensitive and moderate sensitivity, and the later scattered the west mangrove zone of town region. （3） The integration index of multiple eco-environmental sensitivity types was separate into 3 classes, insensitive slight and moderate sensitivity. And the moderate sensitivity area was distributed in the west coastal zone of study area. （4） The distribution areas of extreme sensitivity, high sensitivity and moderate sensitivity indicated greater degrees of instability or less vulnerability for eco-environment.

关 键 词：3S技术 铺前镇 生态环境 敏感性 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]