赴美国移民人群中结核病核心信息知晓率调查  

The awareness status of key messages on TB prevention and cure among USA-bound Chinese immigrants

作　　者：梁少军[1] 黄惠敏[2] 朱云枫[1] 陈建东[1] 吴健[1] 黄永欣[1] 栗召辉[1] 明宏艳[1] 梁武毅 何洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东国际旅行卫生保健中心,广东广州510160 [2]广东出入境检验检疫局

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2015年第5期337-341,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：广东出入境检验检疫局科研基金项目(2012GD150)

摘　　要：目的了解即将移民海外的中国公民对结核病的认知情况,为下一步开展健康促进做准备。方法随机抽取745名申请移民美国的中国籍申请人作为调查对象。使用2010年全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查所使用的结核病认知调查问卷进行调查。结果调查对象对5条核心信息（1肺结核是严重的慢性呼吸道传染病;2咳嗽、咳痰2周以上应怀疑得了肺结核;3怀疑得了肺结核,应到县（区）级结防机构接受检查和治疗;4在县（区）级结防机构检查和治疗肺结核可享受国家免费政策;5只要坚持正规治疗,绝大多数肺结核患者是可以治愈的）的总知晓率为68.6%,各条核心信息的知晓率分别为86.4%、91.8%、89.7%、27.4%和47.9%,危险因素分析显示第二、三、四和五条核心信息的知晓率都与年龄因素呈负相关（分别是P〈0.05,95%CI：0.959-0.998;P〈0.05,95%CI：0.965-1.000;P〈0.001,95%CI：0.964-0.989;P〈0.05,95%CI：0.973-0.995）。5条核心信息的知晓率与性别、职业、来源地、签证类型无明显相关性。结论在移民人群中进行结核病相关的健康教育和健康促进,需要重点关注中老年人群。Objective To understand the awareness status of key messages on TB prevention and cure among the Chinese individuals overseas applying for permanent residence in the USA, and to provide the basis for TB health promotion. Methods A questionnaire consisting of five key messages on TB prevention and cure was completed by randomizely selected 745 Chinese individuals overseas applying for permanent residence in the USA. Results The general awareness rate of all five key messages was 68.6%. The awareness rate of the first key message, pulmonary TB is a harmful chronic respiratory infectious disease, is 86.4%; the rate of the second key message, coughing with sputum for more than 2 weeks is highly suspicious of TB, is 91.8%;the rate of the third key message, TB suspects should go to the county TB dispensary for examination and treatment, is 89.7%;the rate of the fourth key message,TB examination and treatment at county TB dispensary is free of charge, is 27.4%;and the rate of the fifth key message, most pulmonary TB patients will be cured with standard treatment, is 47.9%. Out of the 5 key messages,the awareness of the message of free-charge service is the lowest（P〈0.01）. Simple regression analysis revealed that elder age contributed to the lower awareness of the second, third, fourth and fifth key messages（P〈0.05,95% CI：0.959-0.998;P〈0.05,95% CI：0.965 -1.000;P〈0.001,95% CI：0.964 -0.989;P〈0.05,95% CI：0.973 -0.995, respectively）.Gender, occupation, visa categories all have no impact on the awareness of the five key messages. Conclusion TB health promotion among Chinese immigrants should focus on those of elder age.

关 键 词：结核病 移民 健康促进 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]