宜昌市夷陵区2006-2013年5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析  

Analysis on death status of children under 5 years old in Yiling District of Yichang city from 2006 to 2013

作　　者：孔丽华 罗妮娜 杨兴娥 李梅 陈实[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省宜昌市夷陵区妇幼保健院,443100 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2015年第36期6489-6492,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的分析5岁以下儿童死亡主要原因及相关因素,为有效降低5岁以下儿童死亡率及制定相应干预措施提供依据。方法对2006-2013年夷陵区5岁以下儿童死亡病例监测资料进行分析。结果 2006-2013年夷陵区5岁以下儿童平均死亡率为8.02‰,婴儿平均死亡率为5.75‰,新生儿平均死亡率为3.82‰。监测死亡病例258例;农村死因顺位前5位依次为早产或低出生体重、溺水、先天性心脏病、肺炎和出生窒息;城市依次为出生窒息、早产或低出生体重、意外窒息和意外跌落、先天性心脏病。5岁以下儿童死亡病例中,城市儿童死亡34例(13.2%),农村儿童死亡224例(86.8%),差异有统计学意义(U=33.795,P<0.001);男童死亡161例(62.4%),女童死亡97例(37.6%),差异有统计学意义(U=3.444,P<0.001);死亡儿童发生在冬春季共155例,占60.1%,夏季及秋季分别为44例和59例。结论开展科学养育健康教育,提高全民保健意识与能力;推广预防早产的适宜技术,避免早产;开展遗传咨询、做好孕早期出生缺陷干预,降低先天性疾病发生率;加强对儿童的监管力度,减少儿童意外死亡数;完善监护抢救设备,不断提高专业技术人员技术水平与协作能力,进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。Objective To analyze the main causes and related factors of death of children under 5 years old,provide a basis for effectively reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years old and making corresponding intervention measures. Methods The monitoring data of death of children under 5 years old in Yiling District from 2006 to 2013 was analyzed. Results The average mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Yiling District from 2006 to 2013 was 8. 02‰,the average mortality rates of infants and neonates were 5. 75‰and 3. 82‰,respectively. A total of 258 death cases were monitored; the top five causes of children death in rural area were preterm labor or low birth weight,drowning,congenital heart disease,pneumonia,and birth asphyxia; the top five causes of children death in urban area were birth asphyxia,preterm labor or low birth weight,asphyxia,accidental falls,and congenital heart disease. Among the death cases,24 cases were urban children（ 13. 2%）,and 224 cases were rural children（ 86. 8%）,there was statistically significant difference（ U =33. 795,P〈0. 001）; 161 cases were boys（ 62. 4%）,and 97 cases were girls（ 37. 6%）,there was statistically significant difference（ U =3. 444,P〈0. 001）; 155 children death occurred in winter and spring,accounting for 60. 1%,44 children death occurred in summer,and59 children death occurred in autumn. Conclusion The measures taken to further reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old include carrying out scientific nurture health education,improving civil health care consciousness and ability,and popularizing appropriate technologies for premature prevention,avoiding premature birth,conducting genetic counseling and birth defects intervention in early pregnancy,reducing the incidence rates of congenital diseases,strengthening supervision of children to reduce the number of children death because of accidents,improving monitoring and rescue equipments,enhancing the professional and cooperative ability of health professionals.

关 键 词：5岁以下儿童 死亡率 死亡情况分析 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]