一种多功能表面活性剂的合成  

Synthesis of a Polyfunctional Surfactant

作　　者：杜巧云[1] 郭金波[1] 

机构地区：[1]洛阳师范学院化学系,河南洛阳471022

出　　处：《精细化工》2002年第B08期57-59,69,共4页Fine Chemicals

摘　　要：以长链烷基替代EDTA分子中的一个乙酸基 ,使其改性为既具表面活性又有络合金属离子能力的多功能表面活性剂。合成分两步 ,先以乙二胺、溴代烷为原料 ,合成了中间体N 长链烷基乙二胺 (R en) ,然后R en和氯乙酸反应生成了N 长链烷基乙二胺三乙酸钠盐(RNa3 edta)。用正交实验法探讨了R en的合成条件为 :n(乙二胺 )∶n(溴代烷 ) =(2 5～ 3 0 )∶1 0 ,反应温度为 6 0℃ ,反应时间为 8～ 10h ,其收率均达 98%。终产品合成条件为n(R en)∶n(氯乙酸 ) =1 0∶5 2 ,反应时间为 10h ,反应温度为 80℃ ,收率达 86 %。并通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对终产品结构进行了初步确认。By substituting one carboxymethyl group in the molecule of EDTA with a long chain alkyl,a polyfunctional surfactant having both surfactivity and ability of chelating metal ions was obtained.It was prepared by two step reactions.Ethylenediamine as starting material reacted with bromoalkane to form long chain N alkylethylenediamine (R en),which then reacted with chloroacetic acid to produce long chain N alkylethylenediaminetriacetic acid sodium salt (RNa 3edta).The optimum conditions for preparing R en were decided through orthogonal experiments: n (ethylenediamine)∶ n (bromoalkane)=(2 5～3 0)∶1 0,8-10 h and 60 ℃.Yields of both R en (R=C 12 ,C 14 ) achieved 98%.The optimum conditions of the second step were: n (R en)∶ n (chloroacetic acid)=1 0∶5 2,10 h and 80 ℃.The yield was 86%.The products were characterized with 1HNMR and IR.

关 键 词：两性离子型表面活性剂 多功能表面活性剂 合成 螯合 乙二胺 溴代胺 EDTA 

分 类 号：TQ423.1[化学工程]