西宁市南北山青海云杉人工林凋落物与土壤持水能力研究  

Water-holding Capacity of Soil and Litter of Picea crassifolia Plantations in Xining North-South Mountains

作　　者：耿生莲[1] 王志涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2015年第4期18-29,共12页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(20110404501)

摘　　要：本文以西宁市南北山青海云杉人工林12种模式为研究对象,研究林地凋落物和土壤的持水能力。研究分析得出:1凋落物平均储量和平均自然持水率分别为522.412g/m2和17.39%,土壤平均容重为0.905±0.027(g/cm3),毛管孔隙度平均为34.487±1.053(%),总孔隙度平均为51.385±0.845(%);2经方差和关联度分析,12种混交模式的凋落物储量、自然持水率、土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量8个测定指标有显著差异,各指标的变化与树种混交模式、土层厚度有较高的相关度;3树种配植种类较多的混交模式青海云杉河北杨灌木混交林、青海云杉青杨灌木混交林、青海云杉圆柏白榆河北杨混交林和青海云杉山杏河北杨混交林,其凋落物和土壤的持水能力高。树种单一、针叶混交的模式青海云杉纯林和青海云杉圆柏混交林的凋落物和土壤持水能力弱;4通过对混交模式及土层厚度、郁闭度、坡度、坡向和林龄等环境条件的进行有序量纲化,经回归分析拟合了混交模式和土层厚度与8个测定指标的16个函数方程,坡向与土壤最大持水量和田间持水量之间的2个函数方程,18个方程在0.05水平下的回归系数均在0.811以上。研究结果为南北山生态林建设及水土保持研究提供了参考价值。To understand the water-holding characteristics of litter and soil, 12 types of Picea crassifolia plantations in North and South mountains of Xining were studied. The results showed that： i） The average of reserves of litter and its water-holding capacity were 522. 412 g/m^2 and 17.38% ;The average of the bulk density, the capillary porosity and the total porosity were 0. 905±0. 027（g/cm^3） , 34. 487±1. 053（%）and 51. 385±0. 845 （%） respectively; ii） The litter reserves, the natural waterholding of litter, the bulk density, the total porosity, the capillary porosity, the maximum waterholding, the capillary water-holding and the field water-holding of soil have significant differences among the 12 types of the mixed models examined by variation and correlation analysis; iii） The litter and soil had higher water-holding capacity with multi-species mixed plantations like Picea crassifolia × Populus cathayana X Shrub, P. crassifolia）4 P. hopeiensis, P. crassifolia. × Sabina chinensis × Ulmus pumila × P. hopeiensis X Shrub and P. crassifolia. X Prunus armeniaca. × P. hopeiensis, while those of single species plantation or less species mixed plantations had weak water-holding capacity; iv） 16 function equations of the forest types and the soil thickness with 8 indexes were fitted, and 2 function equations of the slope aspects with the maximum water--holding as well as the field holding capacity were fitted too after dimension slope gradient, slope all lower than 0. 811 aspects and the plantation at 0.05 level. of the mixed mode, soil thickness, canopy density, ages. The coefficients of all 18 function equations are

关 键 词：青海云杉 人工林 混交模式 凋落物 物理特性 持水能力 

分 类 号：S791.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]