上海市金山区矽尘作业场所中粉尘检测结果及其影响因素  

Silica dust exposure level and its influencing factors in workplace in Jinshan District of Shanghai

作　　者：俞丹丹[1] 王丽华[1] 王莉萍[1] 刘小方[1] 周雪松[1] 訾亚平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心,201599

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第23期3204-3206,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的全面掌握上海市金山区矽尘作业场所中矽尘总尘暴露水平及其影响因素。方法利用区安监局职业病危害申报系统和金山区疾病预防控制中心2013年全面建立的职业卫生档案,共核查确认矽尘作业企业30家,对所有确认的企业进行个体采样和监测。现场通过观察和询问调查影响矽尘浓度的因素,运用描述统计分析不同影响因素作业环境中矽尘总尘浓度。结果 30家企业共采集105份样品,企业合格率为36.7%,采集样品点合格率为33.7%,总尘平均浓度为1.40 mg/m^3;不同影响因素监测结果显示半密闭、手工、间歇、固定、远距离、通风良好作业现场检测合格率较敞开、机械化、连续作业、流动作业、近距离、通风不良的高。结论上海市金山区矽尘暴露水平合格率较低,企业应在全密闭、间歇、固定、远距离、通风良好的条件下作业,同时加强职业病危害因素的检测。[Objective]To realize the silica dust exposure level and its influencing factors in workplace in Jinshan District of Shanghai.[Methods]On basis of the occupational health information of Jinshan District Security Administration and occupational health archives established by CDC since 2013,a total of 30 enterprises with silica dust exposure were identified and tested,while the individual sampling and monitoring were conducted in these enterprises.The influencing factors of silica dust concentration were investigated by field observation and inquiry,and the concentrations of total silica dust in workplaces with different influencing factors were analyzed by the descriptive statistical method.[Results]A total of 105 samples were collected from 30 enterprises,the qualified rate of the enterprises was 36.7%,while the qualified rate of sampling points was 33.7%,and the average concentration of total silica dust was 1.40 mg/m3.The monitoring results of workplaces with influencing factors showed that the qualified rates of workplaces with semi-enclosed environment,manual operation,intermittent operation,fixed operation,far distance operation and well-ventilated environment were higher than those of workplaces with open environment,mechanized operation,continuous operation,mobile operation,near distance operation and poorly ventilated environment.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of silica dust exposure is low in Jinshan District of Shanghai.The enterprises should ensure the workplaces are in fully enclosed,intermittent,fixed,far distance and well-ventilated environment,and strengthen the detection of occupational hazards.

关 键 词：矽尘 总尘 主动监测 影响因素 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]