成都平原农业废弃物施用对冬小麦氮素吸收转运的影响  

Effect of Agricultural Residue Application on N Uptake and Transformation of Winter Wheat in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：李瀚[1,2] 邓良基[1,2] 朱双[1,2] 周伟[1,2] 雷伟[1] 刘嘉玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [2]四川省土壤环境保护重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第6期96-100,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18)

摘　　要：为合理利用农业废弃物,于2012—2013年和2013—2014年2个小麦生长季,在大田条件下设置不同量的废弃物施用处理,研究废弃物施用下小麦氮素吸收转运特征。结果表明:与纯化肥相比,稻秆全量还田显著降低小麦生育前期的地上部氮素积累量,显著提高拔节期后地上部氮素积累量及开花前吸收氮素向籽粒转运量,对成熟期各器官中氮素分配比例、氮素吸收及利用率无显著影响。在稻秆全量还田模式、等氮施入条件下,低量猪粪替代化肥显著提高小麦氮素吸收效率及氮肥生产效率,成熟期地上部氮素积累量显著提升,同时,显著提高开花后氮素吸收量、成熟期叶片氮素积累量,显著降低开花前转运氮对籽粒氮贡献率;高量猪粪替代化肥显著降低成熟期地上部氮素积累量,对成熟期各器官中氮素分配比例、氮素吸收及利用率无显著影响。本试验条件下,综合小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收及利用效率,成都平原稻杆全量还田模式下小麦季每667m^2农田的猪粪承载量以3头猪0.5a的排泄量为宜。In order to rationalize the use of agricultural residue,a 2-year field experiment with 3agricultural residue application rates was conducted to study the nitrogen uptake and accumulation,nitrogen transformation and yield of winter wheat.The results showed that compared to only nitrogen fertilizer application,treatment of total rice straw returning significantly decreased nitrogen accumulation amount in aboveground part of wheat in early growth stage,but significantly increased nitrogen accumulation amount in aboveground part of wheat after jointing stage and nitrogen translocation amount from absorbed nitrogen to nitrogen accumulation in grain before anthesis,and did not significantly affect nitrogen distribution pattern in different plant organs,and nitrogen uptake and utilization rate at maturity stage.Under total rice straw returning modes with the same nitrogen input,compared to chemical fertilizer,the low application amount of swine manure significantly increased N uptake efficiency,N productive efficiency and nitrogen accumulation amount in aboveground part of wheat at maturity stage.Meanwhile,it could improve N absorption amount after anthesis and N amount in leaf at maturity stage,thus significantly reducing contribution of absorbed N to nitrogen accumulation in grain.Compared to chemical fertilizer,the high application of swine manure significantly decreased nitrogen accumulation amount in aboveground part of wheat at maturity stage,but had no significant effect on nitrogen distribution in different plant organs,and nitrogen uptake and utilization rate at maturity stage.Considering grain yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization rate by applying agricultural residue in Chengdu Plain,we suggest that the application amount of swine manure per 667m2 filed should be the excretion quantity of 3pigs in half a year under total rice straw returning modes in a wheat growing season.

关 键 词：稻杆 猪粪 冬小麦 氮素吸收积累 氮转运 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]