基于X射线荧光光谱技术的洛川苹果地土壤性质特征研究  

Study on Soil Properties of Luochuan Apple Orchard Based on X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Technology

作　　者：李春越[1] 郝亚辉[1] 王益[2] 张妍[1] 庞奖励[1] 董吉宝[2] 贺茂勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,西安710061

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第6期148-153,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院"西部之光"重点项目"土壤营养和微量元素对洛川苹果品质的耦合效应及产业可持续发展的意义"(29Y42904101);陕西省自然科学基金项目"高精度MC-ICP-MS测定黄土Mg同位素组成及其古环境意义"(2015JM4143)和"水蚀风蚀交错带土壤线虫多样性及其与微生物相关性"(2013JQ5001);国家自然科学基金项目"水蚀风蚀交错带小流域土壤碳氮及微生物特性对环境管理的响应"(41201259)和"典型农业管理模式下黄土旱塬土壤磷素转化的微生物机制研究"(41501255)

摘　　要：果园土壤营养元素与重金属元素含量的变化可反映果园土壤物质的输入迁移和可持续发展状况。利用X射线荧光光谱技术,研究了洛川县5,26,67龄苹果园土壤营养元素和重金属元素含量变化及土壤元素间的相关性,并对土壤养分肥力现状水平和土壤重金属含量水平进行了评价。结果表明:洛川县苹果园土壤全磷和全钾含量均在二级水平以上,满足生产要求。土壤Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等中微量元素全量整体较高但不平衡。土壤重金属积累以26龄果园最明显。根据国家《土壤环境质量标准》,各重金属污染程度依次为As>Cr>Zn>Pb,土壤重金属综合污染指数<0.7,单项污染指数<1,土壤环境质量仍具备无公害苹果生产的条件。土壤As、Pb元素含量变化相对独立,其它元素间呈显著相关。洛川果园土壤元素含量总体不平衡,应当注意各营养元素肥料的均衡施用。Based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technology,the variation in contents of soil nutrient elements and heavy metals and the correlations between soil elements were measured in apple orchards which had been cultivated for 5,26 and 67years in Luochuan county.The soil nutrient fertility status and soil heavy metal content levels were evaluated and the results showed that the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in soils of Luochuan apple orchards all reached the second level and could meet the production requirements.The contents of trace elements like calcium,magnesium,iron and manganese were high but not even.Soil heavy metal accumulation was the most obvious in orchard cultivated for 26 years.According to the national soil environmental quality standard,the pollution degree of different heavy metals listed in the order of As〉Cr〉Zn〉Pb.The comprehensive pollution index of soil heavy metals was less than 0.7,and the single pollution index was less than 1.The environmental quality of soil met the requirement of pollution-free apple production.The variations in contents of As and Pb were relatively independent,while the variations in contents of other elements showed significant correlations with each other.The contents of different elements in soils of apple orchards in Luochuan were not even.Therefore,balanced fertilization is needed to supply different nutrient elements.

关 键 词：XRF技术 营养元素 重金属 苹果地 洛川 

分 类 号：O434.13[机械工程—光学工程] S151.9[理学—光学]