穗肥期沼液消解对稻田水体氮素的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry Degradation on Nitrogen Content in Paddy Field Water of Panicle Fertilizer Stage

作　　者：王子臣[1,2] 梁永红[2] 盛婧[1] 管永祥[2] 吴昊[2] 陈留根[1] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,南京210014 [2]江苏省农业环境监测与保护站,南京210036

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第6期246-251,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)2106);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]291)

摘　　要：为研究农田沼液安全消纳及农业面源污染源头减量减排技术,通过设置不同量沼液消解处理,监测了稻田穗肥期水体氮素动态变化情况。结果表明：水稻穗肥期沼液消解明显增加了田面水总氮浓度,且随沼液施灌量的增加而增大。在施灌3d后田面水总氮含量出现明显的下降趋势。与施灌后1d比较,各处理总氮浓度降解率达51.10%～78.36%。300%沼液替代化肥处理在施灌后1～7d对下渗水40cm处和60cm处总氮的影响均超过了常规施肥处理,200%沼液替代化肥处理在施灌后的1～7d对下渗水40cm处总氮的影响超过了常规施肥处理,对60cm处总氮的影响1～5d略高于常规施肥处理,7d后低于常规施肥处理,而100%沼液替代化肥处理对下渗水总氮的影响总体上呈现低于常规施肥处理的趋势。沼液消解对水体氮素的影响以铵态氮为主,对下渗水硝态氮的影响较小。可见,施灌沼液后的前3d是稻田生态系统消解沼液中氮素的关键时期,也是控制稻田径流氮损失的关键时期。从下渗水水质安全考虑,水稻穗肥期沼液一次消解安全量应控制在100%沼液替代化肥处理（折合沼液用量141.18t/hm2）范围内。In order to study the technology of biogas slurry farmland security application and agricultural non-point source pollution source reduction and emission,nitrogen dynamic change of paddy field water at panicle fertilizer stage were monitored by setting up treatments with different amount of biogas slurry application.The results showed that total nitrogen concentration of field surface water was obviously increased by the biogas slurry application at rice panicle fertilizer stage,and was increased with the increase of the biogas slurry irrigation amount.There was a significant downward trend of total nitrogen content in surface water after 3dof biogas slurry application.The total nitrogen degradation rate was 51.10% to78.36% compared with that after 1-day application.The effects of 300% biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer treatment on total nitrogen in soil percolation water at 40 cm and 60 cm depth were more than those of the conventional fertilization treatment（CF）after 1dto 7dof application.The effects of 200% biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer treatment on total nitrogen in soil percolation water at 40 cm depth were more than those of CF treatment after1 dto 7dof application,and the effects in soil percolation water at 60 cm depth were more than those of the CF treatment after 1dto 5dof application,and were lower after 7-day application.The effects of 100% biogas slurry treatment on total nitrogen in soil percolation water were lower than those of the CF treatment on the whole.The main impact of biogas slurry digestion lied on ammonia nitrogen and the influence on nitrate nitrogen in soil percolation water was little.Therefore,1dto3 dof application were the key period for paddy field ecosystem to digest nitrogen in biogas slurry,and the key period to control nitrogen loss of paddy field runoff.Therefore,it was recommended that the biogasslurry security degradation of rice panicle fertilizer stage should be controlled in 141.18t/hm2 range.

关 键 词：沼液 稻田消解 水稻生产 土壤承载力 循环农业 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]