养猪发酵床垫料有机肥对辣椒产量及土壤微生物多样性的影响  

Effect of Organic Fertilizer from Deep-litter Pig Rearing on Pepper Yield and Soil Microbial Diversity

作　　者：罗佳[1] 刘丽珠[1] 王同[1] 刘海琴[1] 严少华[1] 卢信[1] 范如芹[1] 张振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《土壤》2015年第6期1101-1106,共6页Soils

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(12)1001-07)资助

摘　　要：随着环保压力的日益增加和农户环保意识的逐渐增强,发酵床养猪技术逐渐被农户接受,但是发酵床熟化垫料再利用相对较难,限制了发酵床养猪技术的推广。本研究将两种发酵床熟化垫料分别进行高温堆肥处理,熟化垫料总养分(氮、磷、钾)含量均超过50 g/kg,重金属和粪大肠杆菌含量均未超标,蛔虫卵死亡率95%以上,符合商品有机肥标准。作物试验表明,在等氮量施用条件下,发酵床熟化垫料有机肥施用后辣椒产量与化肥和常规有机肥处理相当,并能提高辣椒品质,改善土壤肥力。PCR-DGGE结果表明,不同处理土壤细菌群落结构可大致分为3种类型,对照(CK)和化肥(CF)处理群落结构相似,为第一类;常规猪粪有机肥(POF)为第二类;两种发酵床熟化垫料有机肥(FOF和ROF)群落结构相似,为第三类。施肥处理能明显改变土壤微生物多样性,施用有机肥(POF、FOF、ROF)对土壤微生物多样性改变的效果比化肥(CF)大;不同来源的有机肥(POF和FOF、ROF)对土壤中微生物区系改变方向不一样,来源接近的有机肥(FOF和ROF)对土壤微生物区系改变方向接近。With the enhancement of environmental policies and farmers＇ consciousness of environmental protection, deep- litter pig rearing technology has gradually accepted by farmers. However, difficulties in reuse of deep-litter restricted the extensive application of the pig rearing technology. In this study, two types of deep-litters were used to produce organic fertilizer with high-temperature composting （FOF and ROF）. The total nutrient content （N, P and K） was higher than 50 g/kg. The contents of heavy metals and Escherichia coli did not exceed the standard. Mortality rate of ascaris egg was higher than 95%. All indexes conform to the standard of commercial organic fertilizer. Pepper yield in the treatment with deep-litter organic fertilizer was comparable to those with chemical fertilizer （CF） and conventional organic fertilizer （POF）. The results of PCR-DGGE showed that bacteria diversity in the five treated soils could be classified into three clusters. Soil bacterial communities of CF and control belonged to the same cluster, while POF was in the second cluster. The soil bacterial communities of FOF and ROF were in the third cluster. Fertilization could affect soil microbial diversity. The application of organic fertilizers could alter soil bacterial communities, while the application of CF had little effect on soil bacterial communities. Organic fertilizers produced from various sources had different effects on soil bacterial communities, and those with similar origin had similar effect on soil bacterial communities.

关 键 词：发酵床养猪 有机肥 辣椒 土壤微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学]