秦简“归田农”与战国时期的农业生产管理制度  

“Retiring Farmers”in Qin Slips and Agricultural Production Management System in the Warring States Period

作　　者：李强[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国农史》2015年第6期46-52,109,共8页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"<周礼>注所见汉代史料辑证"(14BZS098)

摘　　要：睡虎地秦简《司空律》中规定"居赀赎责(债)者归田农,种时、治苗时各二旬",允许居赀赎债者在农忙季节回家播种和除草,各给假二十天。这是秦国重农思想在立法方面的具体体现,表现了政府对农时的重视。通过与《管子》、《吕氏春秋》等传世文献比较研究,我们认为,"种时"的二十天指的是在冬至后七十日到一百日这三十日中的二十五日之内,"治苗时"的二十天指的是孟夏之月的第二十日到仲夏之月的第二十日这三十天之间。这两个二十天并不是随意规定的,是长期实践经验的总结。Laws of Si-kong in Qin slips of Shuihudi provides ：＂people instead of servitude or pay ransom for free can get home seeding and weeding in the busy season, each twenty days to leave＂.This is the reflection of emphasizing agriculture in Qin＇s Legislation which is the performance of farming season attention of the government.A comparative study of the literature handed down by Guan Zi and Lv Shi Chun Qiu etc.,we believe that the＂seed time＂of twenty days refers to the twenty-fiveth days within the thirty days from seventy days to a hundred days after the winter solstice.＂The time of administering seeds＂refers to the twenty days within thirty days from the twentieth day in the first month of summer to the twentieth day in the second month of summer.These two twenty-days are not arbitrary regulations, they are the summary of long-term practical experience.

关 键 词：秦简 归田农 《管子》 农时 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]