“伊斯兰国”的意识形态：叙事结构及其影响  

The Ideology of "Islamic State" :The Narrative Structure and Its Impact

作　　者：李捷[1] 杨恕[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所,管理学院 [2]兰州大学中亚研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第12期4-27,157,共24页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“新疆长治久安视域下丝绸之路经济带核心区建设研究”(项目编号:15XZZ006)、国家社科基金青年项目“中亚萨拉菲与恐怖极端势力的关系及其对新疆安全的影响研究”(项目编号:14CGJ026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“近年新疆稳定形势及发展趋势研究”(项目编号:15LZUJBWZY109)的研究成果

摘　　要：自宣布重建"哈里发"以来,"伊斯兰国"正以一种前所未有的方式对中东地区的和平与稳定乃至现代民族国家体系造成强烈的冲击。仅从反恐的角度研究"伊斯兰国"的冲击是不够的,"伊斯兰国"深层次的威胁在于它从意识形态和实践层面将"哈里发"理念系统化和实践化。通过回归过去——以暴力塑造现实、幢憬末日决战及建立"哈里发全球帝国"的宏大叙事结构,"伊斯兰国"建构了相对完备的意识形态体系。这一意识形态对现代民族国家体系的否定和冲击主要体现在:以武力控制领土并建立"政权"来重建神权帝国,否定现代民族国家的主体地位;否认主权来源的世俗性和平等性,以实施真主主权为名创建神权政治统治;以反对殖民遗产为口号否定现有国家边界,鼓动"哈里发帝国"的扩张,挑战国家领土完整;通过各种手段将自身针对平民的暴力"合法化",不断以残暴行为挑战国际和平准则及人类文明底线。应对"伊斯兰国"的威胁有赖于有效的国际反恐合作,但如何真正遏止其意识形态的长期挑战,国际社会仍任重道远。The 'Islamic State' has been making strong impact on the peace and stability of the Middle East,and even the system of modern nation state with an unprecedented fashion ever since the announcement of the reconstruction of 'Khilafah'.A comparatively complete ideology of 'Islamic State' has been established by the following model;returning to the past,shaping the reality by violence,envisioning the Apocalypse and establishing of a 'Khilafah' empire.The denial and the impact of this ideology towards the system of modern nation state are mainly as follows;the acquisition of territory by force to establish a regime in order to rebuild a theocratic empire negates the dominant position of a modern nation state;it denies the secularity and equality of the source of sovereign,and it has secured the divine power in the name of sovereignty of the Allah;it denies the existing national boundaries under the cover of counter-colonial legacy to agitate the expansion of the 'Khilafah',which has challenged the nation's territorial integrity;and it has 'legalized' its violent activities towards the civilians through various means,which has challenged the bottom line of international peace and human civilization by continuous horrid cruelty.It depends on the effective international anti-terrorism cooperation to deal with the threats of the 'Islamic State' while there is before the international community a heavy responsibility and a long way to go to curb the long-term challenge.

关 键 词：“伊斯兰国” 意识形态 民族国家体系 叙事结构 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]