开颖和柱头外露对小麦温光敏雄性核不育系异交结实的影响  

Effects of Glume Opening and Stigma Exertion on Outcrossing Seed-Setting of Wheat Thermo-photo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines

作　　者：李宏生[1] 李绍祥[1] 赵红[1] 丁明亮[1] 崔永祯[1] 顾坚[1] 田玉仙[1] 刘琨[1] 杨木军[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/国家小麦改良中心云南分中心,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第12期1671-1675,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011A10A106);云南省联合支持国家计划项目(2014GA016);云南省科技创新人才计划项目(2012H008);云南省农业科学院人才培养项目;云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所所长基金项目(2013LZS003)

摘　　要：为提高杂交小麦制种产量,对33个小麦温光敏雄性核不育系的开颖率和柱头外露率与总异交结实率的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,33个不育系的平均不育度为99.60%,天然异交结实率为79.74%,开颖率为83.40%,柱头外露率为4.85%。所有不育系开颖小花的平均异交结实率为86.13%,开颖小花结实占总异交结实的80.88%,开颖率与总异交结实率呈极显著正相关(r=0.831 4),说明开颖率是决定小麦温光敏核不育系异交结实率的关键因素之一。柱头外露小花的异交结实率为90.23%,其结实占总异交结实的5.39%,柱头外露率与总异交结实率呈正相关,但相关不显著,其原因与不育系的平均柱头外露率较低有关;但柱头外露小花的异交结实能力强于开颖小花,因此选育高柱头外露率小麦不育系有助于提高杂交小麦异交结实率和制种产量。In order to improve the yield of seed production in hybrid wheat,the relationship between glume opening rate and stigma exertion rate and outcrossing rate was studied in 33 wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS）lines under natural pollination.The results showed that the average sterile rate of 33 TPSGMS lines was 99.60%,and the total outcrossing rate was 79.74%,and the glume opening rate and stigma exertion rate were 83.40% and 4.85%,respectively.The average outcrossing rate of the florets with glume opening was 86.13%in 33 lines,and the seed sets from florets with glume opening accounted for 80.88% of the total outcrossing seed-setting.The glume opening rate was significantly correlated with the total outcrossing rate（r=0.831 4）,which suggested that the glume opening rate is one of the key factors determining the outcrossing rate of wheat TPSGMS lines and the yield of hybrid seed production.The average outcrossing rate of the florets with stigma exertion was 90.23%,and the seed sets of florets with stigma exertion accounted for5.39% of the total outcrossing seed-setting.Stigma exertion rate was positively correlated with the total outcrossing rate,but not at the significant level because of the low average rate of stigma exer-tion for all lines.However,the outcrossing ability of florets with stigma exertion was better than that of glume opening florets in this study.It is expected that breeding wheat TPSGMS lines with higher stigma exertion rate would help to increase the outcrossing rate and the yield of hybrid seed production further.

关 键 词：小麦温光敏雄性核不育系 开颖率 柱头外露率 异交结实率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330