不同灌溉处理对小麦花后氮素积累和转运的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Treatments on Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation after Anthesis in Wheat

作　　者：戴忠民[1] 李妍[1] 张红[1] 王丽燕[1] 张秀玲[1] 李勇[2] 王振林[2] 

机构地区：[1]德州学院生物系,山东德州253023 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第12期1712-1718,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271667;31271661)

摘　　要：为了解灌水对小麦花后氮素积累和转运的调控作用,以强筋小麦品种济南17和中筋小麦品种鲁麦21为材料,分析比较了节水灌溉（W1）、常规灌溉（W2）和旱作栽培（W0）3种水分条件下小麦花后植株氮素吸收、积累和转运的差异。结果表明,小麦植株开花期营养器官氮素积累量、花后氮素转运量及氮素转运对籽粒氮素的贡献率均表现为W1和W2显著高于W0。与W0相比较,W1和W2条件下成熟期植株氮素积累量分别增加了9.0%~12.6%和7.1%~20.7%,花后营养器官氮素转运量分别增大了5.7%~17.4%和5.3%~10.7%,氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率分别提高了19.4%~28.2%和21.2%~27.1%,说明土壤水分匮缺不利于植株营养器官对氮素的吸收和花后氮素向籽粒的转运。从花后营养器官的氮素转运效率来看,济南17的平均转运效率表现为W1显著高于W0,这主要归因于叶和茎＋叶鞘转运效率的显著提高;而鲁麦21则表现为W0〉W1〉W2,其中旗叶和茎＋叶鞘上处理间存在显著差异。这表明小麦氮素转运能力对不同灌溉处理的反应存在显著的基因型差异。不同灌溉处理对两个小麦品种的籽粒产量影响也不同,济南17的籽粒产量表现为W2〉W1〉W0,处理间差异显著;鲁麦21的籽粒产量为W1〉W2〉W0,W1与W0差异显著。For gaining insights into the effects of irrigation on nitrogen accumulation and translocation after anthesis in wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）,a strong gluten wheat cultivar,Jinan 17,and a midgluten wheat cultivar,Lumai 21,were used in the field experiment with three irrigation levels：irrigation at pre-overwintering,jointing,anthesis,and grain filling（W2）,irrigation at jointing,and anthesis（W1）,and no irrigation（W0）.The results showed that compared with W0 treatment,treatments of W1 and W2significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation amount in nutritious organs at anthesis and maturity,the nitrogen translocation amount after anthesis and the contribution rate of nitrogen in the two wheat cultivars.Compared with W0,the nitrogen accumulation amount in W1 and W2increased by 9.0%-12.6% and 7.1%-20.7%,respectively;the nitrogen translocation amount after anthesis increased by 5.7%-17.4% and 5.3%-10.7%,and the contribution proportion of nitrogen increased by 19.4%-28.2%and 21.2%-27.1%,respectively.It is suggested that soil water deficitis disadvantageous for the absorption,utilization and translocation of nitrogen in nutritious organs.The nitrogen translocation efficiency of nutritious organs after anthesis ranked as W1W0for Jinan17,but ranked as W0W1W2for Lumai 21.It was indicated that the response of nitrogen translocation efficiency to irrigation was different.The effects of different irrigation on yield in two cultivars were different.The grain yield for Jinan 17 showed W2W1W0with significant difference among treatments,and that for Lumai 21 was W1 W2 W0,with significant difference between W1 and W0.

关 键 词：小麦 灌溉 氮素积累与转运 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311