我国五地区合成毒品滥用者中海洛因多药滥用特征及相关因素分析  

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF HEROIN POLY DRUG USE AMONG SYNTHETIC DRUG USERS IN 5 AREAS IN CHINA

作　　者：鲍彦平[1] 王同瑜 王子云[1,2] 孙新珺 连智[1] 刘志民[1] 时杰[1] 陆林[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [3]广东省深圳市强制隔离戒毒所,深圳518000 [4]北京大学第六医院北京大学精神卫生研究所卫生部精神卫生重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2015年第6期450-460,共11页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81001265);十二五艾滋病重大专项(2012ZX10001001)支持

摘　　要：目的:近年来,在传统的海洛因等阿片类毒品得到一定程度遏制背景下,以苯丙胺类兴奋剂为代表的合成毒品滥用急剧增加。目前缺乏合成毒品滥用者中同时合并海洛因滥用的数据。方法:本研究采用多中心横断面调查方法,于2013年3月-2013年12月期间,对来自于北京、上海、广东、云南和湖南等五地区的强制隔离机构新入所的主要滥用毒品为合成毒品滥用者共计2773例进行调查。分析是否有海洛因滥用两组的特征及导致的后果差异。结果:在2773例调查对象中,主要使用毒品依次为:冰毒(65.24%)、麻黄素(27.41%)、麻古(3.82%)、K粉(2.49%)、摇头丸(0.61%)等,近一半(48.78%)的调查对象滥用过2种以上违禁毒品或成瘾性药物,937例(33.79%)曾经滥用过海洛因。不同地区的合成毒品滥用者中具有海洛因滥用史者所占比例不同,最高者为云南省(44.58%),随之依次为湖南省(36.55%)、上海市(35.14%)、广东省(24.67%)和北京市(8.93%)。随着年龄的增加,海洛因滥用的比例逐渐增高,≤25岁组为19.82%,26-40岁组为33.67%,≥40岁组为50%,有海洛因滥用史的平均年龄(35.84 a±9.02 a)高于单独合成毒品滥用者(31.35 a±8.59 a),汉族、无业及离婚等合成毒品滥用者滥用海洛因的比例分别高于少数民族、有工作及未婚和已婚者。在有海洛因滥用的调查对象中,60.11%为使用海洛因之后才开始使用冰毒等合成毒品,21.39%为几乎同时开始使用海洛因及合成毒品,18.50%滥用者为先使用合成毒品后再开始使用海洛因。使用毒品原因方面,具有海洛因滥用者因为"心瘾、代替其他毒品、增加毒品功效"等原因而滥用合成毒品的比例高于单纯的合成毒品使用者,而前者为"试图减肥"而吸毒的比例低于后者。与没有海洛因滥用史的调查对象比较,有海洛因滥用史组有较高的合成毒品使用剂量、滥用频率、注射吸毒的比例、同时使用其他毒品�Objective： Recent years,the drug use has been dramatically increasing in China. With the control of heroin,the synthetic drugs are epidemic in China. However,the data about poly drug heroin use in synthetic drug users was limited. The present study explored the profile of heroin use and the associated behavior outcome in synthetic drug users in five provinces in China.Methods： A multicenter cross- sectional study of the new synthetic drug use and associated behaviors was conducted in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,Yunnan and Hunan provinces from March 2013 to November 2013. A total of 2773 participants were recruited and investigated by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire.Results： Among 2773 participants,the 65. 24%,27. 41%,3. 82%,2. 49%,0. 61%mainly used the methamphetamine（ METH）, ephedrine, Mugu pill（ main component is methamphetamine）,ketamine,methylenedioxymethamphetamine（ MDMA） respectively. Among the participants,48. 78% have 2 or more drugs use history and 33. 79% ever used heroin. The prevalence of heroin drug use is highest in Yunnan（ 44. 58%）, followed by Hunan（ 36. 55%）, Shanghai（ 35. 14%）,Guangdong（ 24. 67%） and Beijing（ 8. 93%）. With the increase of age,the prevalence of heroin use increased,it was 19. 82%,33. 67%,and 50. 00% in age group of ≤25,26- 39 and 40-age group. The average age of heroin poly drug users（ 35. 84 ± 9. 02） was significantly higher than the synthetic drug users without heroin use（ 31. 35 ± 8. 59）,and the prevalence is higher in Han,unemployed and divorced drug users than the drug users without these characteristics. Among the 937 synthetic drug and heroin poly drug users,60. 11% first use heroin and then use synthetic drugs,about21. 39% use two type drugs at the same period and 18. 50% first use synthetic drugs and then use heroin. More heroin poly drug users used synthetic aimed for euphoria,instead of other drugs and increasing the efficacy of other drugs than the simple synthetic drug users. The proportion

关 键 词：合成毒品 多药滥用 海洛因 流行病学 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学] R749[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]