基于弹道轨迹方程的折射式喷头水量分布计算模型  

Water Distribution Model of Fixed Spray Plate Sprinkler Based on Ballistic Trajectory Equation

作　　者：张以升 朱德兰[1,2] 张林[2,3] 巩兴晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第12期55-61,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51409244);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD29B02);高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)资助项目(B12007)

摘　　要：针对折射式喷头水量分布模拟研究较少的问题,通过高速摄像技术测得了不同工作压力和喷嘴型号下水滴射流速度和射流弧度,构建了折射式喷头水束射流速度及弧度的指数模型,在此基础上基于弹道轨迹方程和水滴蒸发模型,采用Eclipse作为开发工具编写出折射式喷头水量分布的计算程序。该软件能够在已知喷头工作参数及环境条件下,模拟出水滴粒径分布、水量分布、能量分布等指标。采用软件计算出不同工况下Nelson D3000型喷头喷洒水力特性,并依据模拟出的单喷头水量分布数据,以24 m平移式喷灌机为例进行多喷头组合叠加,与实测值进行对比,结果表明：基于3种模型下开发出的单喷头水量分布计算软件模拟出的水滴粒径分布及单喷头水量分布与实测值变化的规律相符,模拟准确度较高。不同间距下多喷头组合叠加时,喷灌均匀度相对误差在0.04%~14.77%,变化规律的差异性较小。该软件能够为移动式喷灌机优化设计提供技术支持。The research on simulation of water distribution of fixed spray plate sprinkler was limited.Experiments were conducted to test the droplet velocity and angle of the Nelson D3000 spray plate sprinkler under different working pressures and different nozzle diameters by using droplets photography technology. Empirical relationship was built and jet velocity and angle were related to working pressures and nozzle diameters. Based on this,a three-dimensional numerical model was developed to describe the water-drop trajectories of individual drops after their releases from the nozzle. The model was solved by multistage Runge-Kutta algorithm and output data included droplet size distribution,water distribution,kinetic energy distribution and water evaporation loss of the sprinkler. A custom computer software script was developed by using Eclipse software to implement the method to engineering case study. Hydraulic characteristics of the Nelson D3000 spray plate sprinkler under different working conditions were simulated by using the software. Single sprinkler data were used to calculate the overlapping uniformity of moving sprinkler irrigation system with different spray sprinkler spacings. Results showed that the simulated droplets distribution and water application were correlated well with the experiment data. The relative error between simulated and measured values of Christiansen uniformity was ranged from0. 04% ~ 14. 77%,and the software can provide technical guidance for optimal design of linear-move sprinkler machines.

关 键 词：喷灌 折射式喷头 弹道轨迹方程 水量分布 软件 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]