新疆拜城县和昭苏县集约化肉牛养殖场冬季环境指标比较研究  

Comparative Study on Winter Environmental Indices of Beef Cattle Farms in Zhaosu and Baicheng County in Xinjiang

作　　者：冯亮[1] 梅玮[1] 张晓红[1] 马玉辉 何宗霖 姚刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆昭苏县畜牧兽医局,新疆昭苏835600 [3]新疆阿克苏地区畜牧兽医局动物疾病控制诊断中心,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第35期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"肉牛生产质量监测关键技术研发与示范"(2011BAD47B04)

摘　　要：为比较新疆南北疆集约化养殖场冬季肉牛舍环境指标,本研究选择新疆阿克苏地区拜城县（南疆）和伊犁地区昭苏县（北疆）2个集约化养殖场为对象,对其冬季肉牛舍光照强度、温度、湿度、噪音、CO2、NH3、CH4、PM10和TSP等环境指标进行连续5天08：00、12：00、18：00和21：00及3天连续24 h的测定,然后将2个集约化养殖场数据进行比较。结果表明：拜城牛场光照强度、温度平均值及昭苏牛场温度、湿度平均值超出国家牲畜和家禽养殖场的环境质量标准（NY/T 388—1999）。此外,拜城牛场温度、湿度平均值极显著低于昭苏牛场（P〈0.01）。昭苏牛场CO2浓度超出NY/T 388—1999,CO2、NH3浓度平均极显著高于拜城牛场（P〈0.01）。上述环境指标连续24 h变化表明,2个集约化养殖场的温度都低于NY/T 388—1999;拜城牛场湿度52.7%~86.4%,全天有12 h超出NY/T 388—1999,昭苏牛场湿度69.4%~97.4%,全天有18 h超出NY/T 388—1999。拜城牛场CO2浓度为687.6~1799 mg/m3,在18：00和19：00超出NY/T 388—1999,昭苏牛场CO2浓度1459.6~3392.0 mg/m3,除05：00时,其他时间都超出NY/T 388—1999。以上结果表明,南北疆冬季牛场环境指标存在较大差异,南疆拜城县牛场主要在于增加光照与保温,而北疆昭苏县牛场主要应该解决保温与改善圈舍空气环境的矛盾。In order to compare environment changes of beef cattle farms in southern and northern Xinjiang inwinter, environmental indices including the illumination, temperature, humidity, noise, concentrations of CO2,NH3, CH4, PM10 and TSP were measured in two typical beef cattle farms which were located in Baicheng County（BC） in southern Xinjiang and Zhaosu County（ZC） in northern Xinjiang. The indices were measured at 08：00,12：00, 18：00 and 21：00 in 5 consecutive days. And the 24-hour change of the above indices was also measuredin 3 consecutive days. Then these indices were compared between the two beef cattle farms. The results showedthat the average illumination and temperature in BC farm, the average temperature and humidity in ZC farm were beyond the limit of the national standard of the Environmental Quality Standards of Livestock and PoultryFarms（NY/T 388—1999）. In addition, both the average temperature and humidity in BC farm were extremelylower than that in ZC（P〈0.01）. Concentration of CO2 in ZC farm was far beyond the limit of NY/T 388—1999.In addition, concentrations of CO2 and NH3 were extremely lower in BC farm than that in ZC farm（P〈0.01）.The 24-hour change of the above parameters showed that the temperature in both the two farms was lower thanthe limit of NY/T 388—1999. The humidity in BC farm ranged from 52.7% to 86.4%, and the humidity of 12 hours in one day was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999; the humidity in ZC farm ranged from 69.4% to 97.4%,and the humidity of 18 hours in one day was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999. The concentration of CO2 in BCfarm ranged from 687.6 to 1799 mg/m3 and it was over the limit of NY/T 388—1999 from 18：00 to 19：00; whilethe concentration of CO2 in ZC farm was between 1459.6~3392.0 mg/m3 and it was all over the limit of NY/T388—1999 except for that at 05：00. All of the above results indicated that there were obvious differences of theenvironmental indices in the beef cattle farms between BC and ZC, the illumination and te

关 键 词：新疆 冬季 肉牛舍 环境指标 评价 

分 类 号：S851.24[农业科学—预防兽医学]