红火蚁防控药剂使用后对草坪节肢动物群落的影响  

Population dynamics of a Solenopsis invicta population and associated nontarget arthropod community in a lawn after pesticide application

作　　者：于鑫[1] 王磊[1] 梁广文[1] 曾玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心,广州510642

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2015年第6期1353-1360,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(305712427)

摘　　要：【目的】化学防治是目前控制红火蚁Solenopsis invicta为害的最有效的方法。化学药剂在对红火蚁起到良好防效时,也会对发生区的其他节肢动物群落造成一定的影响。本文研究了红火蚁常用防治药剂施用后对红火蚁典型发生区域-草坪生境中节肢动物群落的影响。【方法】使用网捕法和陷阱取样法调查处理和对照区的节肢动物。【结果】调查表明,施用推荐剂量的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂35 g/巢、0.045%茚虫威饵剂5 g/巢、0.096%氟虫腈粉剂30 g/巢和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液后,对草坪上节肢动物群落产生不同的影响。研究发现,在农药处理后,各处理区节肢动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数得到不同程度的提高,在处理后45 d后,多杀菌素饵剂、茚虫威饵剂、氟虫腈粉剂和高效氯氰菊酯乳油处理区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.1、2.0、1.8和2.1,显著高于对照区的1.5。通过主成份分析得到施用30 g/巢0.096%氟虫腈粉剂和2 000倍液的高效氯氰菊酯乳油灌巢对节肢动物群落恢复产生一定的负面影响,即造成节肢动物群落中的非靶标生物的死亡。【结果】红火蚁种群在被药剂压制后,各药剂处理区中的生物多样性得到不同程度的恢复;35 g/巢的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂和5 g/巢的0.045%茚虫威饵剂对节肢动物群落相对安全,节肢动物群落相比对照区在防治后表现为物种相对丰富和群落结构稳定。[Objectives] Chemicals are an efficient method of fire ant control but also have adverse impacts on nontarget arthropods. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of a Solenopsis invicta population and nontarget arthropod community in a lawn after the application of 0.015% spinosad, 0.045% indoxacarb, 0.096% fipronil and 0.00225% β-cypermethrin. [Methods] Arthropods were collected by sweep sampling and traps. [Results] Shannon-Wiener indices of the arthropod community after spinosad, indoxacarb, fipronil and β-cypermethrin treatments were 2.1, 2.0, 1.8 and 2.1, respectively, significantly higher than in the control which was only 1.5. This indicates that the biodiversity of the arthropod community recovered after pesticide application. [Conclusion] The biodiversity of a lawn arthropod community recovered after pesticide application. Results of principal component analysis showed that the application of 0.096% fipronil and 0.00225% 13-cypermethrin adversely affected the arthroood communities＇ recovery.

关 键 词：红火蚁 药剂 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]