麦田捕食性昆虫群落、结构与动态研究  

Population dynamics and community structure of predatory insects in wheat fields

作　　者：公维敏 张龙[1] 王珊[1] 刘志琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业与生物技术学院昆虫系,北京100193

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2015年第6期1444-1450,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103022)

摘　　要：【目的】探究小麦捕食性昆虫群落结构以及动态规律,为小麦害虫的生物防治提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用了网捕法、陷阱法、黄盘法和马氏网法定期采集地表、小麦植株上的捕食性昆虫,并将其带回实验室进行鉴定、计数和数据分析。【结果】两年共采集捕食性昆虫1 479头,属于4目7科22种,其中龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica(Thunberg,1781)为优势种;小麦拔节期之前几乎没有捕食性昆虫,抽穗期和扬花期捕食性昆虫个体数和物种数逐渐增加,灌浆期和乳熟期物种数继续增加、个体数则迅速增多;捕食性昆虫群落的Shannon-wiener多样性指数H′、均匀度指数E,均随时间整体呈现低-高-低-高的变化趋势,而优势集中性指数C和优势度B则整体呈现高-低-高-低的变化趋势。【结论】该研究结果对小麦害虫的生物防治具有指导意义。[Objectives] To improve the biological control of wheat pests by investigating the population dynamics and community structure of predatory insects in wheat fields. [Methods] Sweep-netting, pitfall traps, yellow plate and malaise traps were used to collect regular samples of predatory insects which were then identified in the laboratory. [Results] A total of 1 479 predatory insects from 22 species, 7 families and 4 orders were collected. Propylaeajaponica （Thunberg, 1781） was the dominant species. Few predatory insects was collected during the wheat jointing stage, both species number and the number of individual specimens collected gradually increased from the heading to the flowering period, after which species number continued to increase. The number of individuals rapidly rose from the filling to maturing stage. The Shannon-wiener diversity index （H＇） and Pielou evenness index （E） showed the same low-high-low-high trend over time, whereas the Simpson dominant concentration （C） and dominance （B） displayed a high-low-high-low trend. [Conelnsionl The data collected provides basic information to improve the biological control of wheat pests.

关 键 词：麦田 捕食性昆虫 群落结构 动态 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]