大帛斑蝶成虫行为学特征  

Behavior observation of Idea leuconoe adults

作　　者：王翻艳[1] 李承哲[1] 陈晓鸣[1] 周成理[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第23期7642-7649,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：云南省社会发展计划(2011CA023)

摘　　要：在网室内跟踪观察了大帛斑蝶Idea leuconoe成虫的活动规律。结果表明:适于大帛斑蝶羽化的温度为≥23℃,羽化主要集中在8:00—9:00,羽化当天蝴蝶极少飞行。羽化第2天开始飞行和觅食,飞行活动最早于7:30便开始有活动,最晚于18:40停止活动,阴天则会推迟开始活动时间,提前结束活动时间。雌蝶日飞行有一个高峰期,在10:00—12:00时段内最活跃,雄蝶则在10:00—12:00和14:00—16:00有2个活跃高峰期。羽化后至产卵前的8d中,大帛斑蝶雌蝶总的飞行次数、时间分别为146次和186.23 min,平均每天飞行次数为18次,飞行时间为23.28 min,单次平均飞行时间为1.28 min;雄蝶总的飞行次数、时间分别为131次和114.43 min,平均每天飞行次数16次,飞行时间为14.30 min,单次平均飞行时间为0.87 min。飞行次数和飞行时间在雌雄虫间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);而雌、雄虫每天飞行规律有显著性差异(P<0.05);蝴蝶种群的飞行次数与飞行时间呈显著正相关(P<0.01),飞行次数和单次飞行时间也呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。羽化后至产卵前大帛斑蝶雌蝶访花53次,占飞行次数的36.30%;访花时间258.87 min,超过飞行时间139.01%;平均每天访花7次,占飞行次数的38.89%;访花时间32.36 min,单次访花时间4.88 min。雄蝶访花40次,占飞行次数的30.53%;访花时间344.41 min,超过飞行时间300.98%;平均每天访花5次,占飞行次数的31.25%;访花时间43.05 min,单次访花时间8.61 min。访花次数和访花时间在雌雄虫间无显著性差异(P>0.05),雌、雄虫的每天访花规律有显著差异(P<0.05)。蝴蝶种群的访花次数与访花时间呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。交配出现在羽化后的第6天,主要发生在12:00—16:00时段内,大部分蝴蝶交配持续时间很长,雌雄蝶均可多次交配。雌蝶最早于交配完第2天产卵,卵散产于叶背,产卵可持续2—3个月。Adult behaviors of Idea leuconoe was observed by the tracking method in a netted room. The results showed that the initial temperature of eclosion was 23 ~C and that eclosion mainly occurred at 08：00--09：00. The pupal shell faded to a gold color, and became dry and transparent as animals approached emergence, which revealed the contour and color of the butterfly. Just 1 min was required from the cracking of the puparium to adult emergence from the puparium. The wings were fully extended after approximately 5 rain, and were stacked on the back, with a further 1 h being required for the wings to harden. We observed some flight, but no foraging behavior, on the first day of eclosion, with adult insects remaining in a resting state for most of the time. Both male and female butterflies began to forage on the second day after eclosion. Flight activity began as early as 07：30, and stopped as late as 18：40. However, on cloudy days, flight activity began later and stopped earlier. The daily peak time for flying by females was at 10：00--12：00, while two flying peaks were observed for males, at 10：00--12：00 and 14：00--16：00. Flight behavior was affected when temperatures fell below 25 ℃ or rose above 30 ℃. Male butterflies tolerated higher temperatures compared to female butterflies since males were more active than females at 30 ℃. Except for cloudy days, the flight frequency and flight duration of both males and females increased gradually until mating. In the eight days from eclosion to oviposition, the total flight frequency and accumulated flying time of females were 146 times and 186.23 min, flying on average 18 times a day with a cumulative time of 23.28 min per day, resulting in 1.28 min per flight. Similarly, males flew 131 times for 114.43 min during these eight days, on average 16 times and 14.30 min per day, resulting in 52 seconds per flight. There was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between males and females with respect to total flight frequency or flight duration, while

关 键 词：大帛斑蝶 飞行 访花 交配 产卵 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]