金针菇菌渣堆肥生产有机肥的研究  

Production of Organic Fertilizer by Composting of Needle-mushroom Residue

作　　者：张云飞[1,2] 郭旭晶[1,2] 代莉蓉[1,2] 邓宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部沼气科学研究所,成都610041 [2]农业部农村可再生能源开发利用重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《中国沼气》2015年第6期24-27,共4页China Biogas

基　　金：四川食用菌创新团队支助项目

摘　　要：食用菌菌渣的资源化利用可以减少其对环境造成的污染。堆肥是食用菌菌渣资源化利用的有效方法。本文在微生物强化(M)和自然条件(CK)下对金针菇菌渣进行堆肥,研究堆肥过程中的有机质、电导率(EC),N,P,K及有效N,P,K的变化。结果表明微生物强化堆肥效果优于自然条件的堆肥效果。接种复合菌剂的处理M1(菌剂+猪粪)及M2(菌剂+硫酸铵)可使堆内温度迅速上升至50℃,而CK条件下最高温度只有42°C。经过35 d堆肥,接种菌剂处理的M1和M2的总养分,有机质含量,p H值和外观形态等指标均达到有机肥料的标准(NY525-2002)。从外观形态、发酵温度、持续时间及有机肥养分含量看,M1处理的菌渣腐熟效果最佳,而自然条件堆肥CK的菌渣尚未腐熟。Resource utilization of edible mushroom residue can reduce the environmental pollution. Composting is an effective method for the resource utilization of mushroom residue. In this study,needle-mushroom residues were used to the composting under both microbial enhanced condition and natural conditions（ CK）. Parameters,including organic matter,electrical conductivity（ EC）,total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorus（ TP）,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,were monitored during the composting process. The results showed that microbial enhanced composting was more effective comparing to the natural composting. Temperatures increased rapidly to 50℃ in the microbial enhanced composting M1（ microbial inoculants ＋ swine manure） and M2（ microbial inoculants ＋ ammonium sulfate）,while the highest temperature was 42℃ in the CK composting. After 35 days,the composting indices,including organic matter,total nutrients,p H,appearances,in M1 and M2,were meet the standard of NY525-2002 for organic fertilizer,and M1 had better effect of rot than M2. However,the composting under natural condition without microbial enhance was not well rotten.

关 键 词：金针菇菌渣 堆肥 菌剂 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]