道德困境中行为判断的认知与情绪问题:从道德双加工模型到建构水平理论  

Cognition and Emotion in Behavioral Judgments of Moral Dilemmas:From Moral Dual-Process Model to Construal Level Theory

作　　者：邱俊杰[1] 张锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系暨研究所,宁波315211

出　　处：《应用心理学》2015年第3期271-280,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：宁波大学研究生优秀学位论文培育基金项目(py2013011)

摘　　要：早期道德哲学家围绕道德困境中当事人通过牺牲少数人的权益以维护多数人权益的行为是否适当的道德判断问题,形成了道义论和结果论两种对立的道德判断观。为消解此种对立,道德双加工模型(dualprocess model)提出,道德判断中认知与情绪过程共存且彼此竞争,其中道义论判断受情绪过程驱动,而结果论判断受认知过程驱动。新近基于建构水平理论(construal level theory,CLT)的研究则认为,道德判断受对道德困境的建构水平影响,随着心理距离的延伸,人们更倾向于做出高水平建构的结果论判断,并排除了情绪过程在其中的作用。未来有必要通过干扰认知表征,并引入负性情绪阻断任务,来探讨认知与情绪过程对道德判断倾向的相对作用。Deontology and consequentialism as controversial views have been developed so far in the domain of studying moral judgment, to diagnose whether it is morally feasible to sacrifice the interests of a few people for the most. The moral dual-process model puts forward this issue further and argues that cognition and affect are involved and competing in the moral judgment, suggesting that the judgment of deontology is mainly driven by the affect while the cognition governs the judgment of consequentialism. In recent years, the construal level theory （CLT） has been introduced into the field of moral judgment. This theory claims that the moral judgment is influenced by the construal level of moral dilemma that people are experiencing （i. e. , the further the psy- chological distance is experienced, the more the consequentialism is likely to be judged）, without appealing to the role of affect. Future studies need to address the roles of cognition and emotion in the moral judgment by employing an experimental ma- nipulation to interfere with cognition representation and a popular task to hinder negative affect.

关 键 词：道德困境 行为判断 双加工模型 建构水平理论 心理距离 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]