三峡地区渔业资源及渔业经济发展的历史考察  

The Historical Investigation of Fishery Resources and Fishery Economy Development in Three Gorges Area

作　　者：武仙竹[1] 肖琳[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技考古实验室 [2]重庆师范大学财务处,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期47-54,共8页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(No.10XKG007)

摘　　要：长江三峡干流在历史时期具有气候积温高、降水充沛、水质优、水溶氧充足、水道深、水体营养矿物元素及饵料丰富等地理条件,是长江流域最重要的渔业资源库(流域性产卵场,种质优良、品种繁多的淡水渔场)。从新石器时代早期以来,人们非常重视三峡鱼类资源开发。其中从新石器时代至先秦时期,鱼类是三峡古居民最重要的经济资源之一。秦汉及其以后历史时期,渔业资源呈现连续锐降之势;但该地区仍然是长江干流最重要的产卵场和渔场。从史前至近现代,有多种先进渔业技术首先在三峡地区出现。有些生产技术向周围地区传播,成为中国优良的渔业生产传统。三峡史前时期的网具使用,先秦时期的大型渔业设施(鱼梁)、大型拖网和鸬鹚渔业,秦汉以后的水獭渔业、多功能养鱼池等,均在中国渔业史上具有非常重要的地位。通过三峡历史时期渔业资源和渔业生产的考察,证明人类生产行为是该地区渔业资源变化的主要原因;而三峡地区现代经济建设中,大型截江水坝已完全改变了三峡作为长江流域性产卵场的资源地位,也改变了三峡本土优势资源鱼种的生态环境。长江流域经济开发在保护自然资源和建设生态文明指导思想下,应高度重视三峡渔业资源保护。The three gorges region has many geographical conditions in the historical period, like high climate, accumulated temperature, abundant precipitation, water quality, sufficient water dissolved oxygen, water depth, mineral nutrition elements of water body and bait rich etc. , it is the most important fishery resource of The Yangtze river（Changing spawning grounds; Excellent quality and a great variety of freshwater fishing grounds）. Since the early neolithic, people attach too much importance to the three gorges＇ fish resources development. One from the new Stone Age to the Pre-Qin period, the fish is one of the most important economic resources for ancient residents in the three gorges. Even the fishery resources present continuous starts from Qin and Han dynasties to the later historical period, it is still the most important spawning grounds and fishing grounds in the Yangtze river. There are many advanced fishery technology firstly appearing in the three gorges region from prehistoric to modern times. Some of the production technology spread to the surrounding areas and become the fine tradition of fishery production. Nets use in the three gorges＇ prehistoric times, large fishing facilities（weir） ,large trawls and cormorant fishing in the Pre-Qin period, the otter fisheries and multifunctional aquarium after Qin and Han dynasties etc. , they all have an important position in the history of Chinese fishery. By studying on the fishery resources and fishery production of the Three Gorges historical period, prove that human production behavior is main cause of the change of the fishery resources in the region; Modern economic construction in the Three Gorges area, large riv er dams has completely changed the three gorges as the Yangtze river basin resources position of spawning grounds, and also changed the ecological environment of the Three Gorges local advantage fish species; Under the guiding ideology of protecting natural resources and the construction of ecological civilization, the Yangtze river

关 键 词：渔业资源 环境变迁 生产方式 三峡地区 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]