近代中国土地征收制度的移植与确立  

The Transplant and Establishment of Land Expropriation in China

作　　者：童旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期124-133,共10页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(12AFX004);湖北省社科基金项目(2013006)

摘　　要：中国古代兴建公共工程使用民地,经历了换地、换地并减免税、保障坟墓房屋等附着物以及逐渐限制使用民田的发展过程。晚清,由于铁路等交通事业的助推,出现"购地章程",购地程序更为规范化。这种"官府购地"并非平等主体间的交易,只是皇权专制下的恤民。清末至民国,西方的土地征收制度传入,土地征收在立法形式上更趋同于西方。然而,"平均地权"思想融入后的土地政策,让土地征收制度失去了原有尊重土地所有权的本质,成为服务于国民政府土地改革的工具。从"官府购地"到"土地征收",取得人民土地的形式更为完善,但实质未有变化。From land exchange to attachments such as land exchange, tax breaks in land exchange, pro- tection of housing and tomb and the gradual restriction of using farm land, ancient China has experienced such a development in using people~ land for the construction of public works. In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the boost of railways and other transport services, the ＂land-purchase constitution＂ was made to standardize the purchase process. But this ＂official purchase＂ transaction was not transaction between e- qual parties, but just a kind of sympathy from the emperor. Accompanied by western land expropriation system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the legislation of land expropriation be- come similar to the West formally. However, the absorb of ＂average land ownership＂ thought into the land policy, made the land expropriation system lost its respect for the nature of land ownership, became tools that served for the national government＇ s land reform. From the ＂official purchase＂ to ＂land acqui- sition＂ the form of getting people＇ s land was complete, but with no substantive changes.

关 键 词：官府购地 土地征收 土地所有权 公共工程 公用事业 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]