广西南宁市1686名4~7岁儿童尿控能力发育进程及其影响因素的调查研究  

Survey on urinary control development process of 1 686 children aged 4-7 years and its influencing factors in Nanning of Guangxi Province

作　　者：班彩霞[1] 贝为武[1] 陈伟平[1] 吴葆宁[1] 朱才荣[1] 李小玲[1] 刘昕[1] 蒙小梅 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院儿童保健科,南宁市530003

出　　处：《广西医学》2015年第10期1448-1451,共4页Guangxi Medical Journal

基　　金：广西医药卫生科研课题(Z2012215)

摘　　要：目的 了解广西南宁市儿童的尿控能力发育进程及其影响因素. 方法 在南宁市6个城区13所幼儿园抽取4.0-7.0岁儿童共1 686名,对其家长进行问卷调查,主要包括儿童尿控能力发育进程及排尿习惯培养,分析影响4.0-7.0岁儿童尿控能力发育的因素. 结果 1 686名接受调查的儿童中,90%儿童在0.5-2.5岁会用哭声表达尿急,1.0-2.0岁时具备用非语言的尿急表达能力,1.0-3.0岁时具备用语言表达尿急的能力,1.5-4.0岁时白天排尿可以自理,1.0-4.0岁遗尿后可觉醒,1 .5-5岁遗尿后可醒来自理,2 .0-5 .0岁夜间尿急时起床排尿不遗尿且日夜小便完全自理. 90%的家长给孩子0.6-3.0岁选用纸尿布,1.0-3.0岁采用把尿,1.0-4.0岁采用坐盆,1.6-4.0岁采用如厕. 儿童尿控能力发育异常与夜间定时唤醒小便、不定时上床睡觉、入睡困难、饮水以晚上为主、不能憋尿有关（P〈0.05）. 结论 南宁市家长在儿童不同年龄段选用的小便方式比较符合儿童尿控能力发育进程. 尿控能力发育与饮食习惯无关,良好的睡眠、饮水习惯,憋尿训练可以促进尿控能力发育。Objective To understand the process of urinary control development of children and its influencing factors in Nanning of Guangxi Province.Methods 1 686 children aged 4.0 to 7.0 years from 13 kindergartens in 6 regions of Nanning were enrolled.The questionnaire survey was conducted in their parents.The survey mainly involved the process of urinary control development and uresis habits of children.And the factors influencing the urinary control development of children aged 4.0 to 7.0 years were analyzed.Results In 1 686 children,90%of the children could cry when urgent urination at the age of 0.5 to 2.5,had an ability of non-language expression when urgent urination at the age of 1.0 to 2.0,had an ability of language expression when urgent urination at the age of 1.0 to 3.0,had a self-care ability of uresis during daytime at the age of 1.5 to 4.0,could wake up after enuresis at the age of 1.0 to 4 .0,could wake up and had a self-care ability after enuresis at the age of 1.5 to 5.0,and could get up when urgent urination without enuresis and completely had a self-care ability of uresis all day long at the age of 2.0 to 5.0.90%of the parents used diapers when children were at the age of 0.6 to 3.0,helped children aged 1.0 to 3.0 years urinate by holding their legs apart,trained children aged 1.0 to 4.0 years to sit bedpan when enuresis,and chose squat toilets for children aged 1.6 to 4.0 years.The abnormal urinary control development of children was related to waking up to urinate with fixed time,sleeping without fixed time,difficulty falling asleep,usually drinking water at night and difficulty in holding urine（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The ways for uresis that the parents in Nanning choose for children at difference ages accord with urinary control development process.The development of urinary control ability isn′t related to eating habits.Healthy habit of sleep and drinking water,and training for holding urine can promote the process of urinary control development.

关 键 词：尿控能力 发育 儿童 问卷调查 南宁市 

分 类 号：R339.35[医药卫生—人体生理学]