日本囊对虾高位精养池浮游生物演替规律  

Succession Laws of Plankton Community in High-intensive Culture Pond of Marsupenaeus japonicus

作　　者：李婷[1] 李义军[2] 许文军[3] 王庚申[3] 陈兆明[1] 孙成波[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088 [2]海南省昌江南疆生物技术有限公司,海南三亚572000 [3]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第33期98-104,124,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东海洋大学创新强校工程项目(GDOU2013050310);浙江省科技计划项目(2015F50004)

摘　　要：[目的]了解日本囊对虾养殖水体中的浮游生物群落组成及多样性的基本特征和动态。[方法]对日本囊对虾虾池整个养殖周期中浮游生物种类和数量进行监测,研究日本囊对虾养殖水体中的微型浮游生物群落组成及多样性的基本特征和动态。[结果]日本囊对虾养殖过程中共观测到浮游植物7门26种。养殖前中期绿藻、硅藻多为优势种,养殖后期蓝藻、硅藻和绿藻多为优势种。养殖初期浮游植物种类相对较少,养殖后期浮游植物种类数量达到高峰。浮游动物4类,其中原生动物8种,桡足类3种,轮虫类2种,其他浮游幼虫3种。养殖前期原生动物、桡足类和轮虫类共为优势种,养殖中期原生动物和轮虫共为优势种,养殖后期仅以原生动物为优势种。养殖初期浮游动物种类相对较少,养殖中期浮游动物种类数量达到高峰,养殖后期种类数量下降。整个养殖周期中虾池浮游植物与浮游动物的多样性指数分别为1.19~1.30和0.25~0.72,但虾池浮游动物与浮游植物的栖息密度的变化趋势一致,且在数量方面呈现密切的线性关系,线性系数R2为0.855 3。[结论]该研究可为水质调控及日本囊对虾高产养殖提供依据。[Objective] The research aimed to understand the basic characteristics and dynamics of composition and quantity of plankton in the culture water body of Marsupenaeus japonicus.[Method]The species and quantity of plankton in the culture water body of M. japonicus were monitored. The basic characteristics and dynamics of composition and quantity of plankton in the culture water body of M. japonicus were studied.[Result] A total of 26 species of phytoplankton belonging to 7 phyla were monitored in the culture process of M. japonicus. Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were the dominant species in the early and middle stages,and Cyanophyta,Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were the dominant species in the late stage. The species of phytoplankton in early culture stage was relatively less,and it reached the peak in the late culture stage. There were 4species of zoonplankton,including 8 Protozoa,3 Copepoda,2 Rotatoria and 3 other larvae. Protozoa,Copepoda and Rotatoria were the dominant species in early culture stage,and Protozoa and Rotatoria were the dominant species in the middle stage,Protozoa was the dominant species in the late culture stage. The species of zoonplankton in early stage was relatively less,and it reached the peak in middle stage and it reduced in late stage. The diversity index of phytoplankton and zoonplankton in shrimp pond during the whole culture process were 1. 19- 1. 30 and 0. 25- 0. 72 respectively,the change trends of their habitat density were consistent,and they showed a linear relationship in quantity with the average of linear coefficient R2= 0. 855 3.[Conclusion] The research aimed to provide references for water quality regulation and high-yield culture of M. japonicus.

关 键 词：日本囊对虾 高位精养池 浮游生物 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S963.21[农业科学—水产养殖]