湘江流域近30年景观格局变化研究  

Study on Landscape Pattern and its change of the Xiangjiang River Watershed River region in the nearly 30 years

作　　者：陈希[1,2] 王克林[2] 祁向坤 李洪斌[3] 李涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2015年第6期584-590,共7页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071340)

摘　　要：基于湖南省1980、2000和2010年的Landsat MSS和TM卫星照片数据及DEM数据,运用ENVI4.7影像处理软件、ARCGIS9.0软件与Fragstats3.3软件,提取出湘江流域地区1980、2000年和2010年景观类型图,计算出3个时期的景观格局指数,在此基础上对湘江流域30年间的景观格局变化特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:1980-2010年,湘江流域土地利用程度和人为活动有所增强,其中面积变化最大的景观类型是林地和旱地。林地减少了1 029 km^2,而旱地增加了648 km^2,可见人为活动干扰增加。近30年间,受人类活动影响,水田与林地景观面积减少,斑块数目增加,破碎度增大。旱地景观破碎度下降。湘江流域景观整体破碎度增加,优势斑块的连通性下降,景观优势类别对景观整体的控制作用减弱。这将给湘江流域地区带来一定的资源和环境问题.需加强规划布局管理,合理配置景观资源,实现湘江流域的经济与生态环境的协调发展。The landscape data used was interpreted from the Landsat MSS and TM satellite imagary and DEM data for Hunan Province in 1980,2000 and 2010,and supported by ENVI4. 7 image processing software,ARCGIS9. 0 software and Fragstats3. 3 software,derived the Xiangjiang River area 1980,2000 and 2010 landscape type map,calculated the three different periods of landscape pattern index,based on the analysis of the characteristics of the landscape pattern changes in the 30 years of the Xiangjiang River watershed were analyzed. The results showed that: Between 1980 and2010,the extent of land use and human activities have enhanced the Xiangjiang River watershed,where the greatest change in the area of woodland and dry land landscape type. Woodland decreased by 1 029 km2,while the dry land increased by 648 km2,and the human activity disturbance increased. In the last 30 years,the area of paddy field and forest land decreased,patch number increased and the fragmentation degree increased,with the influence of human activities. Dry land landscape fragmentation degree decreased. The overall fragmentation degree in the Xiangjiang River watershed increased,and the connectivity of the dominant patch decreases,and the control effect of the landscape dominant category is weakened. This will bring some resources and environmental issues the Xiangjiang River watershed,to strengthen the planning layout management,reasonable allocation of landscape resources,to achieve coordinated development of economy and ecological environment of the Xiangjiang River region.

关 键 词：景观格局 景观指数 GIS 湘江流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]