日本国内战争狂热的形成及原因  

The Formation and Reasons of the War Fever in Japan

作　　者：史桂芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100089

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第6期26-33,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"20世纪国际格局的演变与大国关系互动研究"(11&ZD133);首都师范大学2011协同创新项目"中文文明互动与比较"

摘　　要：侵华战争时期,日本政府为了动员国民支持战争,通过舆论宣传、控制国内产业团体、开展"国民精神总动员"运动等方式,把国内生产、国民生活全部纳入侵略战争轨道。由于日本政府的政治控制、媒体的煽动,"九一八"事变、卢沟桥事变、日军占领南京以及日本偷袭珍珠港后,日本国内都曾经出现过"举国"的战争狂热。日本国内,从稚气未脱的孩童到相夫教子的家庭主妇,从政府官员到普通工人,都以自己的方式表达对战争的支持。不了解事实真相的日本国民从各个方面支持战争,是日本侵华战争长期支撑下去的重要原因。多年来,我们一直将日本政府与其民众区分开来,认为日本政府负有发动战争的责任,强调日本普通国民也是战争受害者;但是,也能因此忽视日本国民对战争的支持。日本国民无论是主动还是被动地卷入,客观上都支持了侵略战争,他们既是战争的受害者,也是"加害者"。因此,有必要对战争时期日本国民与政府、与战争的关系作深入探讨,更加全面、客观地认识战争的复杂性。During the war of aggression against China,the Japanese government,in order to provoke national support for the war,combined domestic production and every aspect of national life and put them into the track of invasion and war,through propaganda,controlling domestic industry groups,and the ＂national spirit＂campaign,etc.. The war fever was everywhere in Japan after the Mukden Incident,the Marco Polo Bridge Incident,the Japanese troops occupying Nanjing,and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,via the political controlling and deception of the media by the government. The people of Japan,from small children to housewives,from government officials to ordinary workers,had their own way expressing their support for the war. One of the major reasons that kept the war for a long time was the support from common people who were ignorant of the truth. We usually distinguish the Japanese government from its people,emphasizing that the Japanese government bears responsibility for the war,and Japanese citizens are but victims of the war. However,we ignore the fact that the war itself was supported by common Japanese people. Whether they were actively or passively involved,they,in a sense,supported the war,which made them both victims and perpetrators of the war. Therefore,it is necessary to tell the complex relations among the Japanese people and government,which may mean a better understanding of the war.

关 键 词：国防捐款 产业报国 兴亚奉公 后方支援 

分 类 号：K313.46[历史地理—历史学]