长期施肥条件下潮土土壤磷素对磷盈亏的响应  

Response of Soil Phosphorus to P Balance Under Long-Term Fertilization in Fluvo-Aquic Soil

作　　者：杨军[1] 高伟[1] 任顺荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第23期4738-4747,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203030);天津市财政局项目

摘　　要：【目的】土壤磷素状况是评价土壤养分的重要指标之一。探讨长期施肥条件下土壤有效磷、全磷对土壤磷素盈亏(平衡)的响应,为潮土区施肥管理和土壤培肥提供科学依据。【方法】分析了天津潮土33年(1979—2012)肥料长期定位试验中,不同施肥处理下土壤磷素盈亏与Olsen磷、全磷的变化特征。【结果】长期不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)及秸秆与氮肥配施(NS)处理,土壤中磷素常年处于亏缺状态。施磷处理(PK,NP,NPK)和有机肥与氮肥配施(NM),土壤中磷素均有盈余,PK处理盈余最多,但随试验年限延长(约20年后),NP,NPK和NM处理土壤中磷素盈余量呈下降趋势。土壤有效磷增加量随磷盈亏而变化,二者呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。施用无机磷肥或有机肥,均可使土壤中的磷素盈余,土壤中每盈余100 kg·hm-2磷,PK、NP、NPK、NM处理土壤中的Olsen磷分别增加3.59、1.19、1.75和2.40 mg·kg-1。长期不同施肥,土壤磷平衡与土壤全磷增量间呈正相关,但不同处理下差异较大。单施氮肥(N)和秸秆还田(NS)处理,可认为累积磷平衡对土壤全磷增量无影响。施用无机磷肥或有机肥,土壤中每盈余100 kg P·hm-2,PK、NP、NPK、NM处理土壤中全磷分别增加0.06、0.07、0.07和0.10 g·kg-1。【结论】土壤磷素盈亏状况与肥料配施类型密切相关,长期施用化学磷肥或有机肥,土壤有效磷、全磷增加量与土壤磷素盈亏呈显著直线正相关。有机肥与氮肥配施提升土壤全磷的速率大于施用化肥。【Objective】Soil phosphorus is essential indexes for assessing soil fertility, so the responses of Olsen phosphorus（Olsen-P） and total phosphorus（TP） to P balance under various long-term fertilization were studied, which can provide a scientific basis for improving fertilization management and soil fertility in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】The relationships between Olsen-P, total P change, and the budget of soil P balance in the treatments of CK, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, NM, and NS were studied by the method of linear regression based on a 34-year field experiment in Tianjin, China. 【Result】The results showed that under long-term application of N, NK, NS, and without fertilizer（CK）, the P balance of the plough layer（0-20 cm） always remained a wane status, with a surplus of P balance in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, and the most P accumulation in the PK treatment. But the P balance showed a decreasing trend with cultivate time in the P fertilize and manure treatments, especially 20 years later. Applications of PK, NP, NPK, and NM increased the amount of Olsen-P significantly. The Olsen-P was significantlycorrelated with the P balance（P0.05）. For every 100 kg P·hm-2 surplus, there would be 3.59, 1.19, 1.75, and 2.40 mg·kg-1 increase in Olsen-P in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, respectively. There were positive relationships between total P and P balance under long-term different fertilization, and different treatments had significantly different effects on the relationship between total P and P balance. We can assume that P balance had no effects on total P in N and NS treatments. With an average surplus of 100 kg P·hm-2, the total P increased by 0.06, 0.07, 0.07, and 0.10 mg·kg-1, in the PK, NP, NPK, and NM treatments, respectively.【Conclusion】 The status of soil P balance was closely related to the type of fertilizer application. The increment of Olsen-P and total P caused by application of chemical P fertilizer or manure were significantly and positively linearly correla

关 键 词：长期施肥 潮土 Olsen磷 全磷 磷盈亏 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]