2005-2013年青海省麻疹流行特征及麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果分析  

Analysis on epidemiology characteristics of measles and evaluate the effect of supplementary immunization activity in Qinghai Province during 2005-2013

作　　者：阿克忠[1] 杨雪琴[1] 李溥仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心,西宁810007

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2015年第12期1315-1318,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会/WHO/UNICEF加强西部地区麻疹监测项目(WPCHN1206297)

摘　　要：目的了解青海省2005-2013年麻疹流行病学特征和麻疹疫苗（measles vaccine,MV）强化免疫（supplemental I mmunization activity,SIA）前后发病情况,探讨消除麻疹策略,为制定防控对策提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析2005-2013年青海省麻疹发病特征。结果 2005-2013年青海省共监测报告麻疹病例3 851例,年平均发病率7.72/10万,基本维持4年一个发病高峰的流行特征,年度内呈单峰季节性发病,发病高峰在3~7月。城镇发病数于多牧区,发病率低于牧区。〈8月龄组发病率最高,为148.3/10万;30岁组发病率最低,为0.89/10万。8月龄~5岁组为主要发病人群,占41.12%,以省内病例为主,占93.26%。2006、2009年两次强化免疫效果较好,2010、2012年两次强化免疫效果较差。结论强化免疫只能作为常规免疫的补充,落实国家免疫规划含麻疹成分疫苗的免疫接种,提高含麻疹成分疫苗的接种率和及时接种率仍是目前消除麻疹的根本措施和手段。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2005 to 2013 in Qinghai province,and the incidence of measles after Supplemental Immunization Activity（ SIA） of measles vaccine（MV）,discuss the policies of measles control and elimination,provide evidence for prevention and control measles. Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze characteristics of measles in Qinghai province. Results 3851 measles cases were reported in Qinghai Province during 2005-2013,the average annual incidence was 7. 72 /100000,and epidemic feature which incidence peaks show every 4 years was maintained,the unimodal seasonal peaks was showed from March to July each year. The number of cases in urban areas was higher than rural areas,but the incidence is lower than in urban areas. The incidence was highest under 8 months old（ 148. 3 /100000）,and lowest among 30 years old group（ 0. 89 /100000）. Measles cases was more common from 8 months old to 5 years old which accounted for 41. 12% of the total cases. Conclusions Supplemental immunization activity can regarded as added measure to routine immunization,the fundamental measures to eliminate measles are still the implementation of the state immunization plan,improving measles vaccine coverage and timely vaccination.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 强化免疫 分析 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]