绵羊载畜率对内蒙古草甸草原家庭牧场草畜平衡和经济效益的影响——以鄂温克旗巴彦胡硕嘎查为例  

Effects of Different Stocking Rates on the Economy and Forage-Animal Balance on the Meadow Steppe in Inner Mongolia——Taking Bayanhushuo,Ewenke Banner,as an example

作　　者：张睿洋[1] 韩国栋[1] 李治国[1] 李江文[1] 潘占磊 王瑞珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2015年第6期6-13,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD13B02)

摘　　要：以鄂温克旗巴音胡硕嘎查为试验对象,收集当地多年的草地、家畜、经济和气象等数据,利用ACIAR模型,对试验牧场整体放牧系统进行模拟分析。结果表明:当前牧场实际载畜率较高,为1.2个羊单位/(hm^2·a)。载畜率为0.8个羊单位/(hm^2·a)时牧场经济效益最高,为最适载畜率;载畜率从当前较高水平减至最适水平时经济效益增加35%,草地剩余干物质增加16.8%,能量需求减少23%,可以有效维持家畜能量的供需平衡;降低载畜率有利于巴彦呼硕嘎查家庭牧场的草地生产能力和牧民经济收入的提高。Bayanhushuo,Ewenke Bnner,was selected as the research object.The study collected years of local data of grassland,livestock,economy and weather,in order to analyze the grazing system of experimental pasture,using the economy model and forage-animal balance model.The purpose was to excogitate an effective management method to recover ecological environment of grassland and improve the local economic income as well.The results showed that the current stocking rate was 1.2SRW/（hm2·a）,which was relatively in a high level.When the stocking rate reacheded 0.8SRW/（hm2·a）which was in the optimal level,the economic benefits of farm households were maximized.When the higher stocking rate was decreased to a moderate level,the economic benefit will be increased by 35%,the rest of dry matter accumulated by 16.8%,and the energy requirement reduced by 23%.It could keep the balance of animal energy between supply and demand.The finding was that decreasing the stocking rate could improve the level of grassland productivity and increase the income of local households.

关 键 词：草甸草原 放牧 载畜率 草畜平衡 经济收入 

分 类 号：S812.9[农业科学—草业科学]