播期和施肥对冬闲田紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响  

Effect of Sowing Date and Applying Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Alfalfa in Winter Fallow Land

作　　者：张菁[1] 张于卉 马力[1] 周鹏[1] 安渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院农业部都市农业(南方)重点实验室,上海200240 [2]上海市林业总站,上海200072

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2015年第6期35-41,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572451);上海市基础重点项目(13JC1403200);上海市农委重点攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2013)第5-10号]

摘　　要：为建立南方紫花苜蓿—玉米、水稻等草田轮作栽培技术,以紫花苜蓿WL903为材料,研究不同播期和施肥水平下紫花苜蓿春季和初夏的生长规律和品质特征,结果表明:9月20日播种的紫花苜蓿,其第二年的产量和株高明显高于10月20日播种,但10月20日播种提高了紫花苜蓿的叶茎比;施肥明显增加了紫花苜蓿的株高、产量和分枝数,适宜施肥量为NPK2(N、P、K分别为24g/m^2、14.4g/m^2、48g/m^2)。NPK2施肥处理,9月20日和10月20日播种的紫花苜蓿均获得较高的产量,从播种到第二年5月中旬产量分别为10.8t/hm^2和9.6t/hm^2;同时,紫花苜蓿叶片氮含量明显增加,但磷含量差异不显著。The experiment was conducted to study the growth and nutrients of alfalfa（Medicago stivia）in two autumn sowing dates and three fertilizer application levels.The objective of the study was to establish a high yield rotation system with alfalfa and corn.The results showed that the yield of alfalfa was higher in sowing date of Sep,20 than Oct,20,but the ratio of leaf/stem was lower than that in Oct,20.The height,yield and shoot number of alfalfa were significantly increased by applying fertilizer,whereas the grass yield reached 10.8t/hm^2,which was the highest among all treatments under NPK2（N∶P∶K=24g/m^2∶14.4g/m^2∶48g/m^2）fertilizer treatment in the sowing date of Sep,20.The nitrogen content in leave was also significantly increased under the treatment of NPK2 fertilizer treatment in the sowing date of Sep,20.While P content in leaves was not significant different in comparison with other treatments.These results indicated that the alfalfa growth rate and yield could be significantly increased by early sowing date in autumn and applying fertilizer in early spring.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 秋眠级 蛋白质 绿肥 草田轮作 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]