放牧对小叶章种群特征及土壤主要养分含量的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Population Characteristics of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Content of Main Soil Nutrients

作　　者：刘省勇[1] 崔国文[1] 牛壮[1] 王彦庆[1] 贺文骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2015年第6期79-84,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目科技基础性工作专项(2014FY210300)

摘　　要：在东北三江平原小叶章草甸,以当地黄牛为试验动物,连续三年进行轻度（LG）、中度（MG）及重度（HG）放牧试验,以不放牧（CK）为对照,在每年放牧期结束后（9月30日）,观测不同放牧强度对小叶章的高度、盖度、密度、干草产量和0~10cm、10~20cm、20~30cm土层中土壤全氮、有机质含量的影响及其变化规律。结果表明：各放牧强度均使小叶章的高度显著降低（P〈0.05）,其中重度放牧降低最明显,而中度放牧降低较小;各放牧强度均会使小叶章的盖度下降,中度放牧下下降显著（P〈0.05）;小叶章的密度在中度放牧下显著低于CK（P〈0.05）,但随着放牧年限的延长呈增加趋势;各放牧处理均使小叶章的干草产量降低,其中重度放牧下降低显著（P〈0.05）。与对照相比,重度放牧下土壤全氮及有机质含量在0~10cm土层三年平均降低8.87%和9.83%,10~20cm土层降低13.92%和13.32%。各放牧处理对20~30cm土壤全氮和有机质含量的影响不显著。The experiment was conducted in Deyeuxia angustifolia meadow with local cattle for 3years,setting three grazing intensity：heavy grazing,moderate grazing and light grazing,taking enclosed area as control.In the end of the grazing period,the effects of different grazing intensities on the population characteristics and the main soil nutrient were observed.The height,density,coverage,weight of Deyeuxia angustifolia and other indexes in 0~10cm,10~20cm,20~30cm layer of the soil were analyzed.The results showed that：each grazing intensity can make the height of Deyeuxia angustifoliasignificantly reduced（P〈0.05）,among them,heavy grazing make the height reduced the most obviously,while moderate grazing make it reduced smaller;the coverage of Deyeuxia angustifolia showed the tendency of decline under all grazing intensity,however,in moderate grazing areas,the coverage dropped significantly（P〈0.05）;The density of Deyeuxia angustifolia under the moderate grazing intensity was significantly lower than CK（P〈0.05）,but with the extension of grazing time,it showed a trend of increase.Each grazing intensity makes the weight of Deyeuxia angustifolia reduced,while under heavy grazing it reduced significantly（P〈0.05）.Compared with CK,soil total nitrogen and organic matter content under heavy grazing in 0~10cm soil layer reduced by 8.87%and 9.83%in an average of three years,while reduced by13.92% and 13.32%in 10~20cm soil layer.The effects of grazing on the total nitrogen and organic contents of 20~30cm was not significant.

关 键 词：三江平原 放牧强度 小叶章 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]