40种典型恶臭物质嗅阈值测定  

Testing and determination of the olfactory thresholds of the 40 kinds of typical malodorous substances

作　　者：王亘[1] 翟增秀[1,2] 耿静[1] 韩萌[1] 鲁富蕾 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室,天津300191 [2]天津迪兰奥特环保科技开发有限公司,天津300191

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第6期348-351,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2012YQ060165);国家自然科学基金项目(21207098)

摘　　要：结合国内外文献及对各恶臭排放单位的恶臭样品分析测试结果,选取包括硫化物、含氮化合物、苯系物、烯烃及含氧有机物在内的40种典型恶臭物质进行嗅阈值测试。按照我国恶臭污染嗅觉测试的标准方法——三点比较式臭袋法(GB/T 14675—93)对每种物质的嗅阈值进行了测定,得到了我国典型恶臭物质嗅阈值库,并对40种物质的嗅阈值(体积分数)范围进行了高、中、低区间划分,高阈值为10^(-1)×10^(-6)~10×10^(-6),中阈值为10^(-3)×10^(-6)~10^(-2)×10^(-6),低阈值为10^(-5)×10^(-6)10^(-4)×10^(-6)。分别对40种物质进行了气味品质描述,初步分析了恶臭物质分子结构与阈值的关系,不同类物质产生的气味品质有很大差异,苯系物主要呈现芳香气味,硫化物以硫化氢为代表产生臭鸡蛋气味,含氮化合物产生刺激的氨的气味,醛类和酯类以花香型或果香型气味为主,酸类以汗臭味为主。通过实例介绍了嗅阈值在恶臭污染控制中的应用,结果表明,在恶臭污染防治与控制中,选择有效去除阈稀释倍数最大的恶臭物质是一种重要的恶臭防治途径。The given article is inclined to introduce the results of its testing and determination of the olfactory thresholds of 40 kinds of typical malodorous substances.For the said purpose,we have first of all selected 40 kinds of typical malodorous substances while searching through the domestic and foreign literature with the analysis results of the odor samples commonly used in all the industrial branches.The said substances belong to 5 kinds of typical malodorous substances,such as the sulfur compounds,nitrogen compounds,benzene series,olefins and oxygenated organic compounds.According to the air quality-testing and determination of the odor-triangle odor bag method（GB/T 14675—93）,we have worked out the olfactory thresholds of the aforementioned substances with a certain concentration gradient of the standard gas.As a result of our testing and determination,we have established a database of the typical malodorous substances with the said method.In addition,we have also managed to classify the olfactory threshold range of the said 40 substances into three ranks：higher thresholds（10（-1）×10（-6）-10×10（-6））,middle thresholds（10（-3）×10（-6）-10（-2）×10（-6））,the lower thresholds（10（-5）×10（-6）-10（-4）×10（-6））.In so doing,we have made a careful depiction of the odor quality of the substrates respectively and a preliminary analysis of the relationship between the molecular structure and the threshold data.As a result,we have found that there exists great difference in the odor characteristics for the different substances.For example,benzene serial compounds tend to produce a smell of aroma;the sulfur compounds enjoy the priority to give off a rotten egg smell;the same is true to the hydrogen sulfide.On the other hand,nitrogen compounds tend to produce a stimulating odor as ammonia.As to the aldehydes and esters,they prefer mainly to deliver flower or fruit fragrance,while acids are endowed primarily with a smell of sweat.Thus,the analysis and the application of

关 键 词：环境学 嗅阈值测定 恶臭物质 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]