澳大利亚风险评估模式在职业病危害评价中的应用  

Application of the Australian National Risk Assessment Model on occupational health hazard evaluation

作　　者：唐睿[1] 杨跃林[1] 崔方方[1] 石婷[1] 兰亚佳[1] 王永伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院),四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第24期4424-4427,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨澳大利亚风险评估模式在职业病危害评价的适用性、实用性、优越性。方法采用澳大利亚风险评估模式理论与方法,探讨其在某化工企业职业病危害风险等级判断和关键控制点甄别,并与常规评估方法比较。结果澳大利亚风险评估模式可综合职业病危害的概率分级-暴露分级-后果严重程度分级,准确判断出该化工企业二氧化硫、氯气、氯乙烯、硫化氢为"极高风险"危害,二氯化汞为"中度风险"危害,盐酸、聚氯乙烯粉尘为"低风险"危害,高温为"极低风险"危害,其余危害为"高风险"危害,而且使用该方法得出的关键控点更为客观。结论澳大利亚模式可客观、综合评估职业病危害评价,并能得出针对性的管理策略,在职业病危害评价中具有广泛应用前景,但局限于要求工程学及环境卫生学基础知识支撑,其在其他行业中的应用尚需进一步研究。Objective The study aimed to explore the applicability, practicability, and advantages of the Australia National Risk Assessment Model on occupational health hazard evaluation. Methods Theory and methods of the Australian National Risk Assessment Model were adopted to explore its application on determination of risk level and critical control point of occupational health hazard at a chemical company, and were compared with conventional evaluation methods. Results The Australian National Risk Assessment Model considered the probability levels of occupational diseases, exposure levels, and consequence severity levels,and accurately determined that extremely high risk hazards of the chemical company are sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas, vinyl chloride,and hydrogen sulfide; medium risk hazard is mercuric chloride; low risk hazards are hydrochloric acid and PVC; and extremely low risk hazard is high temperature; and that the remainings are high risk hazards. Additionally, critical control point obtained by the model was more objective. Conclusion The Australian model can objectively and comprehensively evaluate occupational health hazards and provide targeting management strategies, and therefore may be extensive applied in occupational health hazard evaluation, However, as the model requires supports from basic knowledge of engineering and environmental hygiene, its application in other fields is yet to be explored.

关 键 词：澳大利亚模式 风险评估 职业病危害评价 应用 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]