我国精神疾病司法鉴定面临问题之应对——以鉴定体制与鉴定内容为视角  

The Problems of Judicial Appraisal of Mental Disorders in China——From the Perspective of the Appraisal System and Appraisal Content

作　　者：刘鑫[1,2,3] 代阳 

机构地区：[1]"2011计划"司法文明协同创新中心,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088 [3]中国政法大学医药法律与伦理研究中心,北京100088 [4]重庆市丰都县公安局,重庆408200

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2015年第6期37-43,共7页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(14YJA820023)

摘　　要：长期以来,我国精神疾病司法鉴定意见饱受争议和质疑,时常发生提供错误鉴定意见的案件。从表象上看,精神疾病司法鉴定存在重复鉴定率高、鉴定意见不稳定,精神疾病司法鉴定成了诉讼中敏感忌讳的领域。从实质上看,精神疾病司法鉴定体制存在严重问题,鉴定资格注册制只解决鉴定人鉴定能力的形式要件,鉴定人职业化使得鉴定人脱离精神医学临床岗位使其知识过时而专家身份蜕化。在鉴定内容方面,精神医学司法鉴定可能会超越鉴定人职责和能力回答法律问题、终极问题。在鉴定的思维方法方面,没有建立科学的鉴定路径,没有遵守无病推定原则,对被告人及其近亲属提供的病史等信息资料不做审查。针对这些问题逐一分析原因并提出改革建议。For a long time, the forensic appraisal opinions regarding psychiatrics have been questioned, and wrong appraisal opinions often occured. In appearance, the existence of repeated forensic psychiatric appraisal and the uncertainty of appraisal opinions have made the psychiatric appraisal a sensitive area of litigation. In essence, serious problems exist in the forensic psychiatry appraisal system. For instance, the qualification registration system only solves the identification ability of the appraisers, the professionalism of the appraisers separates the appraisers from psychiatric clinical posts, which in turn makes their knowledge outdated and the status of experts degenerated. As for the content of the appraisal, the forensic psychiatric appraisal often exceeds the responsibility and ability of the appraisers to involve legal questions. As for the design of the appraisal system, a scientific appraisal path has not been established, the principle of presumption of non-disease is not followed, the information provided by a defendant and/or his/her relatives regarding medical history and other information is not reviewed. The author analyzes the reasons of these problems and puts forward some suggestions for reform.

关 键 词：刑事责任能力 辨认能力 控制能力 司法精神医学 司法鉴定 

分 类 号：DF795.3[医药卫生—法医学]