开发与省思:清至民国黔东南棉业规模经营研究——兼及清水江文书的史料价值  

Development and Reflection:On the Scale Management of Cotton Industry Qiandongnan from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China Period,and the Historical Value of Qingshuijiang Documents

作　　者：马国君[1] 魏冬冬[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学中国文化书院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学人文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2015年第4期33-43,共11页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金重大课题"清水江文书整理与研究(11&ZD096)";国家社科重点课题"中国少数民族文化生态研究(11AZD071)";贵州省教育厅"清水江流域宗族制度研究-以天柱婚姻契约为视角";贵州省教育厅课题"嘉庆重修一统志.贵州统部整理与研究(JD2013003)"阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：当代的黔东南自治州辖地范围,涉及清代时的镇远、黎平两府全境,以及都匀府的东部诸地,该区域气候温暖湿润,秋季多雨多雾,并不是棉花规模种植的理想场所。雍正朝开辟苗疆后,为解决汉族移民"谋衣艰于谋食"的生计难题,朝廷不得不在该地积极推广棉花的规模种植。在经济效益的刺激下,加上各族居民的努力探索,棉花种植有幸获得了成功,成了各族居民山地农业中的主要经济作物之一,并改变了当地各族居民的衣料结构。因此,梳理其相关历史文献,特别是清水江文书,总结其间的经验教训,对指导今天民族地区的经济发展与生态建设可望发挥借鉴意义。Qiandongnan prefecture included Zhenyuan and Liping prefectures,and the eastern part of Duyun prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. The climate in this area is warm and humid; it is foggy and rainy in autumn so that it is not an ideal land for planting cotton. After opening Miaojiang,the Qing government had to actively promote the scale planting of cotton to solve the Han migrants＇ livelihood problems. In the economic stimulus,coupled with efforts to explore ethnic residents,cotton had been successful planted,cotton became one of the major cash crops along with local residents of all ethnic groups of mountain agriculture,and changed cloth structure of the local ethnic groups. Therefore,combing the relevant historical documents,especially Qingshuijiang documents will benefit the economic development and ecological construction in ethnic areas.

关 键 词：黔东南 清水江文书 棉业经营 山地农业 

分 类 号：F319.9[经济管理—产业经济]