沈阳市2010-2014年鼠密度监测结果分析  

Rodent density monitoring results analysis of Shenyang city during 2010-2014

作　　者：周博[1] 吴旭[1] 闫力[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁110031

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2016年第1期69-71,74,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

摘　　要：目的了解和掌握沈阳市鼠类种群分布及季节消长规律,为鼠类及鼠传疾病的防制工作提供参考依据。方法采用夹夜法调查。沈阳市共设立3个鼠类监测点,分别为居民区、特殊行业和农村自然村,监测点相对固定。结果2010-2014年沈阳市鼠类平均密度为0.20%,共捕获鼠类77只,经鉴定后分别为小家鼠、褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠3种。其中主要鼠种为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠,分别占鼠类总数的49.4%和42.8%,不同年度鼠类构成比和密度有所不同;沈阳市鼠类在不同生境的平均密度以农村自然村最高,为0.50%;从不同月份鼠密度季节消长情况来看,除了1月和12月外,其余各月均监测到鼠,鼠密度全年基本呈现双峰型,峰值分别出现在5-6月和8月。结论基本掌握了沈阳市鼠类种群构成及季节消长情况,建议根据鼠类的活动及消长规律采取综合性防制措施,并加强对鼠类及其传播疾病的长期监测和防制对策的研究,有效降低鼠密度,从而更好地控制鼠类的繁殖,减少鼠传疾病的发生。Objective To learn and master the rodent population distribution and seasonal fluctuation regulation in Shenyang and provide a support for rodents and rodent-borne diseases prevention and control. Methods Traps-at-night were set at 3 relatively regular monitoring sites in Shenyang including residential areas,special industries and rural villages. Results From 2010 to 2014,a total of 77 rodents were collected,with a mean density of 0. 20%,which fell into 3 species including Mus musculus,Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius. Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius were dominant species,accounting for 49. 4% and 42. 8%respectively,and rodent constituent ratio and density varied in different years; the mean rodent density in Shenyang was the highest in rural villages,which was 0. 50%; in terms of seasonal fluctuation,rodents were detected the whole year except January and December,and the density took on bimodal curve mostly,which was the highest in May to June and August. Conclusions To get the basic information on rodent species composition and seasonal fluctuation in Shenyang. Comprehensive prevention measures should be carried out according to rodent activities and fluctuation regulation,and long-term survey and research on rodents and rodent borne diseases should be strengthened to lower density of rodents and reduce diseases spread by rodents effectively.

关 键 词：鼠 密度 监测 防制 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]