滴灌量对冬小麦田间小气候及产量的影响研究  

Effect of different drip irrigation amounts on microclimate and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：张娜[1] 张永强[1] 徐文修[1] 仵妮平 吴培杰[1] 程雪峰[1] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年第1期64-73,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560372);新疆干旱区水循环与水利用实验室开放课题(XJYS0907-2012-04)资助~~

摘　　要：为优化北疆滴灌冬小麦灌溉定额,探究不同滴灌量与冬小麦田间小气候及产量的关系,大田试验滴灌条件下,采用单因子随机区组试验设计,研究了3 000 m^3×hm^(-2)(处理TA)、3 750 m^3×hm^(-2)(处理TB)、4 500 m^3×hm^(-2)(处理TC)3个不同灌水量对冬小麦地下15 cm处土壤温度、冠层温度、湿度、旗叶胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、大气CO_2浓度(Ca)、棵间蒸发量及产量的影响。结果表明:随着灌水量的增大,冬小麦生育后期灌水的土壤温度降温效应增强,不同处理间地温差异分别达1.09℃(处理TA与处理TB)、1.61℃(处理TA与处理TC)、0.52℃(处理TB与处理TC)。随灌水量增大,冠层温度减小,湿度增大,处理间最高冠层温差达3.68℃,棵间蒸发、Ci均随灌水量增大先减小后增大。整个生育期内Ca则随滴灌量的增大基本呈逐渐降低趋势,产量则先升后降,在3 750 m^3×hm^(-2)灌水量时最高,达8 971.66 kg×hm^(-2),较低灌水量(处理TA)、高灌水量(处理TC)分别增产20.55%和6.86%。进一步将上述各要素分别与产量、灌水量进行相关性分析可知,地温、冠层温度均与产量、灌水量之间存在显著性负相关关系,冠层湿度与灌水量呈极显著性正相关,胞间CO_2浓度与产量呈极显著负相关性。本试验条件下,北疆冬小麦滴灌定额为3 750 m^3×hm^(-2)时,麦田冠层温、湿度适宜,棵间蒸发量小,产量最高,可供大田生产实践参考。In recent years, drip irrigation technology has been widely used in Xinjiang. This has especially been the case for high-intensity crops like wheat, regarded as a revolution in irrigation technology. Despite this, problems have persisted in the use of drip irrigation technology in field production such as high amounts of irrigation and increased irrigation times. Based on the problems of drip irrigation technology in Xinjiang, field experiments were conducted in Yining County, the northern region of Xinjiang, to identify the effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on the micro-climate and yield of winter wheat, and to provided reference for design of optimal drip irrigation amount of winter wheat. Three amounts of drip irrigation, 3 000 m^-3·hm^-2（TA）, 3 750 m^-3·hm^-2（TB） and 4 500 m^-3·hm^-2（TC）, were set in a randomized block experimental design. Different indicators were observed under different treatments, including soil temperature, canopy temperature, canopy humidity, atmosphere CO_2 concentration（Ca）, soil evaporation, as well as leaf intercellular CO_2 concentration（Ci） leaf, yield and yield components of wheat. The results showed that increasing amount of irrigation remarkably decreased soil temperature at the late growth stage of winter wheat. There were differences in temperature among the treatments, with 1.09 ℃, 1.61 ℃ and 0.52 ℃ differences,respectively, between TA and TB, TA and TC, and TB and TC treatments. With increasing irrigation, canopy temperature of wheat decreased whereas canopy humidity increased. The differences in the highest canopy temperature reached 3.68 ℃ between TA and TC. Both soil evaporation and Ci initially increased and then decreased, while Ca decreased throughout the growth stage with increasing drip irrigation. Yield initially decreased and then increase with increasing irrigation volume. It reached 8 971.66 kg·hm^-2 under TB condition, which was 20.55% higher than that of TA and 6.86% higher than that of TC. Also a significant negat

关 键 词：滴灌量 冬小麦 冠层温度 冠层湿度 棵间蒸发 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]