甘蓝型油菜与A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o六倍体的可交配性及杂交种菌核病抗性  

Crossability Between Brassica napus with Hexaploid A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o and Sclerotinia Resistance in the Hybrids

作　　者：刘瑶[1] 丁一娟[1] 汪雷[1] 万华方[1] 梅家琴[1] 钱伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院/重庆市油菜工程技术研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第24期4885-4891,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2014BAD01B07);国家自然科学基金(31401861;31401411)

摘　　要：【目的】利用甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜的六倍体杂交种为桥梁与甘蓝型油菜回交,从回交种的自交后代中选育理想的甘蓝型油菜个体,是将甘蓝遗传成分转入甘蓝型油菜的一种新策略。调查多份甘蓝型油菜与六倍体的可交配性及杂交种后代的育性,并以油菜菌核病抗性为例,以验证该策略在甘蓝型油菜遗传改良中的应用潜力。【方法】用菌核病抗性较强的野生甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜中双9号进行种间远缘杂交,采用胚挽救及染色体加倍技术创建A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o六倍体。通过调查六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜的杂交结实率,分析六倍体与甘蓝型油菜的可交配性。通过调查六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜的杂交种F_1的自交、自由授粉结实率和菌核病抗性水平,反映杂交种F_1代的结实能力以及目标性状的改良情况。【结果】经鉴定,六倍体含有20条A基因组染色体和36条C基因组染色体,即染色体组成为A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o。该六倍体同时具有甘蓝亲本和甘蓝型油菜亲本中双9号的遗传物质,其自交结实率和自由授粉结实率分别为5.6和8.6粒/角。六倍体与9份甘蓝型油菜杂交的结角率在69.1%—92.9%,每角粒数介于4.7-10.5,不同基因型的甘蓝型油菜与六倍体杂交结果率和每角粒数均存在显著差异(P<0.01)。所调查的9份杂交种F_1的花粉育性达到正常水平,但自交结实率和自由授粉结实率分别为11.4-20.7粒和19.9-26.1粒,基因型间均存在显著差异(P<0.0001),自交结实率和自由授粉结实率之间相关性显著(r=0.67*,P<0.05)。综合2013和2014年的茎秆菌核病抗性鉴定数据,六倍体相对于中双9号的相对感病度为0.47,9份甘蓝型油菜的相对感病度在0.94—1.26,亲本基因型之间抗性水平差异显著(P<0.0001)。9份杂交种F_1的相对感病度为0.56—1.10,均介于对应的双亲之间,且与甘蓝型油菜亲本的抗性水平显著相关(r=0.78*,P<0.05)。其中5份杂交种F_1的相[Objective]It was previously proposed to transfer genetic components from Brassica oleracea into B.napus via the bridge of hexaploid derived from B.napus and B.oleracea.The present study was carried out to assess the potential of the hexaploid strategy in rapeseed improvement by investigating crossability between B.napus and hexaploid and evaluating fertility and sclerotinia resistance in the hybrids.[Method]The hexaploid A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o was developed by embryo rescue and chromosome doubling from a interspecific cross between B.napus var.Zhongshuang 9 and a wild B.oleracea accession with strong sclerotinia resistance.The crossability between the hexaploid and nine B.napus accessions was studied by investigating the seed setting rate of pollinated flowers,and the seed set from open- and self-pollination of the nine F_1 hybrids were checked to reveal the fertility of the F1 generation.The sclerotinia resistance was assessed as well in the nine F1 hybrids to investigate the improving efficiency of targeted trait.[Result]The hexaploid was identified to have 20 chromosomes from A genome and 36 chromosomes belonging to C genome,indicating the A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o genome structure of the hexaploid.Genetic components from both Zhongshuang 9 and the wild B.oleracea were identified in the hexaploid.The seed set of hexaploid averaged 5.6 and 8.6 seeds/pod for self- and openpollination,respectively.The pod setting rate of crosses between hexaploid and nine B.napus genotypes was 69.l%-92.9%,yielding4.7-10.5 seeds per pod.A significant difference was detected among the nine crosses for both the pod setting rate and the seed set（P〈0.01）.The F1 hybrids showed normal pollen fertility but varied seed sets after selfing（11.4-20.7） and open pollination（19.9-26.1seeds/pod）（P〈0.0001）,with a positive correlation（r = 0.67＊,P〈0.05） between the selfed- and open- seed sets.Based on stem resistance evaluation across 2013 and 2014,the relative susceptibility of hexaploid to Zhongshuang 9 was 0.47,while the relati

关 键 词：甘蓝 甘蓝型油菜 A^nA^nC^nC^nC^oC^o六倍体 可交配性 油菜菌核病 

分 类 号：S435.654[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]