湛江湾富营养化分布特征及与环境因子的关系  

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Eutrophication and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Zhanjiang Sea Bay Area

作　　者：施玉珍[1] 张瑜斌[1] 孙省利[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第12期90-96,122,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项(A200899J01)

摘　　要：根据2011年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)湛江湾海域9个采样断面、28个采样站位的水质分析结果分析了该海域富营养化时空分布特征,应用主成分分析法探讨了环境因子对该海域富营养化状态的影响,对湛江湾海域应用富营养指数法和潜在性富营养化法2种评价方式的评价结果进行了对比。结果表明:冬、春、夏、秋4个季节湛江湾海域富营养化指数平均值分别为0.18、1.90、0.83、2.12,不同季节富营养化指数的空间分布特征较一致,从湾顶到湾中到湾口呈减小的趋势。富营养化指数年际变化特征为秋季>春季>夏季>冬季,秋、春两季富营养化程度较高,冬、夏两季较低。4个季节富营养指数与无机氮均呈极显著正相关,与盐度和pH值呈极显著负相关,表明无机氮含量对湛江湾海域的富营养化状况具有主导地位,河口冲淡水及陆源排污带来的低盐高浓度的污染物对湛江湾海域富营养化影响较大。对湛江湾海域富营养化指数法和潜在性富营养化法评价结果的对比表明:在应用富营养化指数评价法时,如果同时考虑海域的营养盐结构,2种评价方法的评价结果基本一致。Space distribution characteristics of eutrophication were analyzed based on water quality analysis of 28 sampling stations from 9 sampling sections of Zhanjiang Bay in Jan., Apr., Jul. and Oct., 2011. The effects of environmental factors on the eutrophication of the Bay area were investigated with principal component analysis. In addition, two evaluation methods, eutrophication index and potential eutrophication method, were also utilized and compared. The results revealed that the average value of E （eutrophication index） in Zhanjiang Bay area were 0.18, 1.90, 0.83 and 2.12 in winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. These results demonstrated a consistent space distribution between the bay top and bay entrance areas amongst the varying seasons resulting in autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer 〉 winter. Eutrophication index was positively correlated to the presence of inorganic nitrogen but was negatively correlated with salinity and pH of the water, suggesting that inorganic nitrogen content played a leading role in the process of eutrophication and that estuary pollution was the largest contributor to the eutrophication of Zhangjiang Bay. The results obtained from eutrophication index method were in agreement with that of potential eutrophication method when nutritive salt composition of sea area was considered.

关 键 词：湛江湾 富营养化 时空分布 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P734[天文地球—海洋化学]