分析哲学的生命与时代（英文）  

The Life and Time of Analytic Philosophy

作　　者：约瑟夫·艾格思 

机构地区：[1]特拉维夫大学哲学系,以色列特拉维夫69978

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2016年第1期125-132,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：罗素终其一生将实在论的形而上学作为所有哲学中最重要的主题。他以极为细致的论证,驳斥以指谓为意义的理论,导致了这种形而上学的危机。这让维特根斯坦放弃了所有形而上学的表述。它让波普尔采纳了弗雷格以真值为意义的观点及爱因斯坦关于科学为精密的日常思维,科学理论是可检验、暂定的真理,总是可以供人们改进的观点。以此,罗素让自己置身于分析哲学的中心,对立于该思想流派的公认主张:该主张将常识作为世界观的基础并选择了经验主义某种语言的变体,目的是期望在没有陷入形而上学泥潭的条件下既保留逻辑又支持实在论。这种期望的可能性正在衰减,而波普尔提供的实在论以及波普尔与其门徒提出的种种哲学问题的解决方案则正在获得公众的注意。波普尔传世之作的特殊魅力在于,它理所当然地肯定实在论的形而上学,并根据科学的议程对它的多种版本进行争辩。All his life, Bertrand Russell took realist metaphysics as the most important item in all philosophy. The refutation of the theory of meaning as denotation, he argued in great detail, led to a crisis in this metaphysics. This led Ludwig Wittgenstein to give up all articulation of all metaphysics. It led Popper to adopt Frege＇sview of meaning as truth-value and Einstein＇s view of science as refined everyday thinking and of its theories as testable, putative truths, always given to improvement. This way Russell is at the center of analytic philosophy. This is contrary to received opinion within this school of thought that takes commonsense as the basis of a worldview and opts for some linguistic variant of empiricism in the hope that it would this way preserve logic and uphold realism without landing in a metaphysical morass. This hope is waning and realism that Popper has offered as well as solutions to diverse philosophical problems that he and his disciples have proposed are gaining public notice. The special attraction of the Popper heritage is that it takes realist metaphysics for granted and debates the diverse versions of it that are on the agenda ofscience.

关 键 词：罗素 维特根斯坦 波普尔 实在论的形而上学 分析哲学 分析哲学的生命与时代 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]