从语言信息结构视角重新认识“把”字句  

Re-Understanding of the Ba-Construction from an Information Structure Perspective

作　　者：陆俭明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/中文系,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2016年第1期1-13,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：北京大学中国语言学研究中心承担的教育部人文社会科学重点研究项目"现代汉语构式知识库建设及其应用研究"(项目批准号:13JJD740001)经费的资助

摘　　要：本文首先指出目前"把"字句教学之不足,由此提出从语言信息结构视角重新认识"把"字句的新思路。文章对语言信息结构作了简要介绍,并提出了汉语句子信息结构所遵循的八个准则。接着文章从语言信息结构这一视角分析了表"处置"义的"把"字句,指出从信息传递的角度看,表"处置"义的"把"字句的特点在于:(一)要让"处置者"为话题;(二)要让"处置结果"作为信息聚焦点;(三)运用介词"把"其目的是能自由地将"处置对象"引入句子内,同时表示"处置"的强影响性和说话者的主观认定性,由此凸显"处置结果"。文章最后指出,如果我们能将"把"字句在语言信息结构上与其他句式的差异清楚地告诉外国学生,如果我们能将"把"字句在语言信息传递上的独特性告诉外国学生,这无疑将有助于我们走出"把"字句教学的困境。Being directed against the shortage of teaching Ba （~）-construction, this pa- per puts forward a new method of re-understanding of the Ba-construction. It firstly provides a brief introduction to the concept of language information structure and presents eight maxims of sentence information structure, and then analyzes a type of Ba-construction denoting ＂disposal＂ from a language information structure perspective. It is pointed out that the word Ba denoting ＂disposal＂ has the following characteristics： First, it can be used to make ＂disposer＂ a topic; second, it makes the＂disposal result＂ an information focus; third, the use of the preposition Ba also helps to introduce the＂disposal object＂ into the sentence, showing the strong influence of ＂disposal＂ and the subjective cognition of the speaker, as a result, ＂disposal result＂is highlighted. Finally, it is pointed out that by helping foreign students to clearly distinguish between Ba-construction and other constructions in terms of their different language information structure and the idiosyncrasy of Ba-construction in lan- guage information transfer, we could undoubtedly get out of the plight of Ba-construction teaching.

关 键 词：“把”字句 语言信息结构 句子信息结构遵循准则 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]