营林用火对油茶林地土壤养分的影响  

Effects of prescribed fire on soil nutrients in Camellia oleifera forest

作　　者：郑育桃[1,2] 熊建平 叶清[3] 雷小林[1] 吴红敏[3] 肖金香[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西省森林公安局直属三分局,江西分宜336600 [3]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2016年第1期26-32,39,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业专项项目:红壤丘陵区经济林生态经营关键技术研究(201104052)

摘　　要：营林用火可促使林地养分循环与再分配,维护森林土壤生态平衡。通过对比分析不同燃烧时间下的林地土壤养分、p H值及油茶产量,研究营林用火对油茶林土壤养分及其产量的影响。结果表明：（1）用火后,油茶林土壤中的氮、磷、钾、有机质和土壤p H值均有提高,土壤养分提高幅度较大的用火月份主要集中在3月、5月和9月;（2）用火时间对土壤养分的影响差异显著,其中不同用火时间土壤养分的增加幅度排序为90 min〉60 min〉30 min〉120 min;（3）用火对5-10 cm全氮、有机质和p H值影响最大,而对10-20 cm的有效磷和有效钾影响最大;（4）用火效果差异明显,不同用火时间下的油茶产量和产值排序为90 min〉60 min〉30 min〉120 min,其中用火时间90 min的油茶产量为2 423 kg/hm^2,产值为44 098.6元/hm^2。The prescribed fire in silviculture can enhance soil nutrient circulation and redistribution, maintain soil ecological balance. The treatments of prescribed burning have been performed every one month in Camellia oleifera forests in Quantian village, Yuandu town, Fengcheng county, Jiangxi province from November 2012 to September 2013. By comparing and analyzing the soil nutrients, pH and yields of C. oleifera forests under different burning lasting time, the effects of prescribed fire on and soil nutrient contents and yields were investigated. The results show that （1） after prescribed fire, the soil nutrient contents, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil pH in the forests were all increased, the prescribed fire mouths that the soil nutrient levels increased greatly concentrated in March, May and September; （2） The duration time of prescribed burning had significant difference effects on the soil nutrient contents, the effecting amplitudes of fire lasting time on soil nutrient contents increase ranked as follows; 90 min 〉 60 min 〉 30 min 〉 120 min; （3） The soil samples in depths of 0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm were determined after a year, in 5 - 10 cm soils the effects with prescribed burning on total nitrogen, organic matter and pH were the greatest, while in 10- 20 cm depth those with prescribed fire on of soil available phosphorus and available potassium were the greatest; （4） The yield and output values of C. oleifera forest with different burning lasting time ordered as： 90 min 〉 60 min 〉 30 rain 〉 120 min, of them the production of lasting time 90 rain was 2 423 kg/hm^2, the output value was 44 098.6 yuan/hm^2.

关 键 词：油茶林 营林用火 燃烧时间 土壤养分 江西 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S762.8[农业科学—林学]