北运河下游流域设施农田氮磷流失特征及污染负荷研究  

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss of Facility Farmland in the Downstream of the North Canal River Watershed

作　　者：于丹[1] 刘琼琼[1] 邵晓龙[1] 刘红磊[1] 田晶[2] 张青[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院,天津300191 [2]天津职业大学,天津300191

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2015年第23期5881-5886,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07203-002-004)

摘　　要：针对北运河下游流域设施农业快速发展、化肥农药施用量剧增、肥料利用效率不高的特点,选取北运河下游典型设施农田—北辰双街农业种植园作为研究区,结合其降水径流形成特征,分析设施农业非点源污染流失特征。结果表明,研究区降雨的流量过程线呈正态单峰型特征,降雨的径流过程都表现为陡涨、陡落;随着降雨径流的产生和径流流量的增加,径流污染物的浓度快速升高,达到峰值后迅速下降,后期较均匀稳定;污染物浓度的峰值提前于径流的峰值,在整个径流污染过程中整体表现为初期径流中污染物的浓度高于后期径流中污染物的浓度;研究区年污染负荷量TN为990.8 kg、TP为17.19 kg、NH_4^+-N为304.17 kg、NO_3^-N为469.72 kg、COD为5 879.65 kg。从污染负荷数值来看,大棚种植区的年平均氮磷释放量远小于露天种植方式。Beichen Shuangjie Agricultural Demonstrational Park, a typical facility farmland in the downstream of North Canal River, was selected as the research area. The formation mechanism of non-point source pollution and the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the typical facility farmland were analyzed by the formation characteristics of rainfall-runoff in this park. Results showed that the discharge curve of the rainfall in the research area was normally unimodal and its runoff process showed a steep rise and fall. With the production of rainfall runoff and an increase in runoff, the concentrations of runoff pollutant rose to a peak rapidly and then fell rapidly, later became uniform and stable. The peak of pollutant concentrations was ahead of that of runoff, showing that the pollutant concentrations in early runoff was higher than that in the late runoff throughout the process of the runoff pollution.A pollution load accounting model for greenhouse region was presented using an improved export coefficient method. Results showed that total nitrogen s, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and COD release were 990.80,17.19,304.17,469.72,5 879.65 kg / a, respectively. With the data of pollution load, the nitrogen and phosphorus release in facility farmland system was much less than that in open farmland system s.

关 键 词：北运河下游流域 设施农田 氮磷流失 污染负荷 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]