我国民法总则非法人团体的制度设计  

On the Design of Unincorporated Group in the General Part of Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：李昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第12期86-100,162,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目<侵权责任法实施中的疑难问题研究>(批准号:12BFX083);国家社会科学基金重大项目<中国民法重述;民法典编纂与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善研究>(批准号:14ZDC018)

摘　　要：非法人团体是介于自然人和法人之间、并与法人相对称的组织体。除传统的民事合伙外,德国民法以无权利能力社团为其规制重点,日本民法还纳入无权利能力财团,并均以不同于民事合伙的团体法的构造来加以规范,赋予其民事权利能力,同时也呈现出与合伙法在一定程度上的接近。中国大陆现行立法出于诉讼的便利以其他组织来称谓非法人团体,在一定程度上抹杀了非法人团体中异于合伙的团体构造——非法人社团和非法人财团。我国未来的民法总则应当将合伙和非法人社团、财团并立为规范的重点,使非法人社团、财团回复到团体法构造的本质,并根据非法人社团所追求的目的,区分非营利性的和营利性的两类社团,在对外责任上区分规范。Unincorporated groups are a kind of organization between natural persons and legal persons. Besides traditional civil partnerships,Germany civil law focus on the associations without legal personality,yet Japanese civil law also includes foundations without legal personality. The two legal systems regulate unincorporated group according to group law,and in the meantime appear their similarities with the law of partnerships.Chinese law calls unincorporated groups as other organizations for the convenience of civil actions,neglecting the different structure of associations or foundations without the status of legal persons from partnerships. The future draft of the general part of Chinese civil code should juxtapose civil partnerships and associations or foundations without the status of legal persons as main types of unincorporated groups,and restore the group character of associations or foundations without the status of legal persons. In the same time,the draft should differentiate non-profit and profit-making groups,providing different rules for their respective liability to other parties.

关 键 词：非法人团体 无权利能力社团 无权利能力财团 合伙 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]