粮食生产新常态与转变粮食生产方式  

New Normal of Food Production and Transformation of Food Production Mode

作　　者：解宗方[1] 李在涵 任银玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河北省衡水中学,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第12期20-25,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业科研财政资金项目(2012-196-56)

摘　　要：转变粮食生产方式,促进粮食生产持续稳定发展,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。根据统计数据,对粮食生产情况进行分析,结果显示:粮食生产连年增产,付出了巨大的物质投入和资源环境代价,呈现出高投入、高产出、高成本、高污染与低效率、低效益的"四高两低"现象。粮食生产受资源与环境双重约束,人均水土资源少,而且区域分布与资源环境条件不匹配。粮食生产进入新常态,粮食安全保障压力增大。粮食生产处于减速换挡期,粮食产量处于大幅波动期,粮食政策处于保障力度加大期。转换粮食生产方式,必须走数量质量兼顾、效率效益双升、低碳绿色和稳定持续的粮食发展道路。培育优良品种,优化种植结构,推广节水节肥等资源节约技术,提高土地生产率、劳动生产率和资源利用率。通过转变粮食生产方式,实现粮食生产的土地集约利用、物质集约节本、环境集约减损、技术集约高效。The transformation of food production mode to promote the sustainable and stable development of grain production has great significance for ensuring national food security. The statistic data of grain production were used to analyze the current situation of grain production. The results showed that the grain production increased year after year,which mainly relied on paying material input and resources at a huge cost to the environment,showing the phenomenon ＂four high and two low＂,such as high investment,high yield,high cost,high pollution and low rates of resource utilization,low benefit to grain farmers. The food production was affected by the restriction of resources and environment,per capita water resources was limited,and the regional distribution of resources and environmental conditions did not match. The food production went into the new normal what increased food security pressure. The grain production speed was changed by the rapid growth to slow growth,grain yield was in volatility period,food security policy was in a boosting stage. The conversion of food production mode must follow the grain development way that was taking both quantity and quality into account,improving the efficiency and benefit of grain,low carbon green,sustained,stable and harmonious. This paper put forward the countermeasures to change the grain production mode such as breeding of fine varieties,optimizing of planting structure,popularizing water saving and fertilizer saving technology,improving land productivity,labor productivity and resource uti-lization rate. The mode of food production could be changed which would realized the intensive use of land,the intensive cost-saving of material,the intensive loss reducing of environment and high-efficiency of technology in grain production.

关 键 词：新常态 粮食安全 资源 生产方式 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]