环形刀3轴铣削小曲率面的刀具切触几何分析  

Tool contact geometric analysis of 3-aixs machining small-curvature surfaces

作　　者：刘献礼[1] 张安山[1] 李茂月[1] 杨树财[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学机械动力工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期6-11,共6页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51235003)

摘　　要：针对球头刀在3轴或3+2轴机床加工小曲率面存在效率低的问题,对使用环形刀加工汽车模具的相关问题进行了研究.为有效分析刀具的铣削性能,提出以刀具单次独立切入工件的有效切削带宽代替加工带宽.基于几何切触关系,分别分析了环形刀与球头刀和曲面刀触点处的切削速度,并提出基于刀具切入工件部分在刀触点切平面内的投影,建立3轴铣削条件下有效切削带宽与刀具、曲面坡度、切深、进给方向等参数间的数学模型,为环形刀在3轴加工中的刀路优化提供依据.小曲率面加工实验表明:与球头刀相比,环形刀可提高加工效率27.27%,并能够抑制毛刺的产生,且具有较好的表面质量.The small-curvature surfaces are usually machined with ball end mills by 3-axis or 3＋2-axis milling machine,which have the problem of low efficiency.So the small-curvature surfaces of automotive covering molds were studied,which were machined with the torus cutter.To analyze efficiently the cutter＇s milling performance,it was raised that tool path interval can be replaced with effective cutting width,which means independently cutting into the work-piece once.Based on the geometry contact relations,the effective cutting speeds on contact surfaces were analyzed for both the torus cutter and ball-end mill.A math model for 3-axis machining was presented between the effective cutting interval and some machining parameters,such as cutters,the surface slope,the cutting depth,the feed direction,which is based on the projection shape on the contact points＇ tangent plane for the parts of cutting into the work-piece.The theory basis was provided for the tool path optimization in three axis machining with torus cutter based on the raised models.Small-curvature surface machining experiments were completed.The results show the machining efficiency for the torus cutter can be improved by 27.27%,compared to the ball-end mill.The burr can be suppressed effectively,and good surface can also be generated.

关 键 词：模具数控加工 小曲率面 环形刀 有效切削带宽 刀路轨迹优化 

分 类 号：TG547[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]